Yes. Other kanji, not 男, 雄 or 夫, are usually used for お/を in female names like 珠緒(たまお).
All of 自分より学問もあり, 稼ぎもしている and 年かさの modify まま娘, thus, Takeo is more educated than Tora, and she is working.
年かさ usually means "older", but judging from the context, the writer would use it as "matured/adult", I think.
I think 出番にあたれば means 出番が来れば here, thus, it's not "chosen/picked".
宮さん means 宮家, i.e., an imperial family.
It mustn't be a commoner. 降嫁 is used even for a marriage with Shogun family.
Sorry for the late reply!