A wave of DDoS attacks that struck Japan in September 2022 targeted websites belonging to government agencies and subway operators. According to Japan's National Police Agency, the biggest attack sent 100 gigabits of data per second. This would indicate that the volume of data in the December DDoS attacks was 10 to 30 times greater than the September 2022 attacks. These large-scale attacks are effective because they can quickly cause extensive damage before a company can respond. Yoachimik described them as "hit-and-run" attacks, calling the traditional countermeasure of restricting traffic outdated.