The IMF's projections for the period through 2028 say that India, which has surpassed China to become the world's most populous nation with more than 1.4 billion people, is likely to have a larger GDP than Japan in 2026. While Japan is expected to be the world's fifth-largest economy between 2026 and 2028, India's GDP is projected to rank fourth in 2026 and third in 2027. In 1968, Japan eclipsed West Germany in terms of gross national product, also known as GNP, which was the main indicator at the time, and became the world's second-largest economy after the United States. Japan held the position until it was overtaken by China in 2010, falling to third place. Regardless of foreign exchange rates, which have a significant influence on GDP, Japan has seen a long period of low growth. Germany's population is about two-thirds of Japan's, but the growth gap between the two countries has been narrowing in recent years.