Hello,
1. This is a topic that I quite often get confused about, so apologies if I've asked a similar question before.
来週、田中先生の送別会をやる予定です。
Translation given: "A farewell party for Professor Tanaka is scheduled for next week."
Although I can read this fine, if I'm being more fussy it conflicts with the idea I have that です should be used for meanings like "X is Y", and があります for meanings like "X exists". If we're simply stating the existence of the plan (予定), per the translation, why do we use です rather than があります? What is the difference?
2. 手伝ってまらって助かった。大事故だったが、一人だけ 助かった。
My translation: "I received help and was rescued. It was a big accident and I was the only person to survive."
Is this correct? Is the speaker the subject of all the verbs, as I've translated? (There is no further context.)
3. Again, apologies if this is similar to questions I've asked before. It is another niggling problem that I never seem to be able to quite get my head around:
夜更かしをした次の日は、なかなか起きられません。
Translation given: "I have a hard time getting up the next day after staying up late."
Normally with V-た + N relative clauses, the noun is the subject of the verb, right? But here I see no way that 次の日 can be the subject of 夜更かしをした. It's like there's a missing particle or something that we have to mentally assume based on an understanding of what the overall meaning must be. How does this grammar work?
1. This is a topic that I quite often get confused about, so apologies if I've asked a similar question before.
来週、田中先生の送別会をやる予定です。
Translation given: "A farewell party for Professor Tanaka is scheduled for next week."
Although I can read this fine, if I'm being more fussy it conflicts with the idea I have that です should be used for meanings like "X is Y", and があります for meanings like "X exists". If we're simply stating the existence of the plan (予定), per the translation, why do we use です rather than があります? What is the difference?
2. 手伝ってまらって助かった。大事故だったが、一人だけ 助かった。
My translation: "I received help and was rescued. It was a big accident and I was the only person to survive."
Is this correct? Is the speaker the subject of all the verbs, as I've translated? (There is no further context.)
3. Again, apologies if this is similar to questions I've asked before. It is another niggling problem that I never seem to be able to quite get my head around:
夜更かしをした次の日は、なかなか起きられません。
Translation given: "I have a hard time getting up the next day after staying up late."
Normally with V-た + N relative clauses, the noun is the subject of the verb, right? But here I see no way that 次の日 can be the subject of 夜更かしをした. It's like there's a missing particle or something that we have to mentally assume based on an understanding of what the overall meaning must be. How does this grammar work?