>ooilingfan
I heard our license is only valid for 1 year in Japan. I am not sure what would have to be done. I heard that we have to 'convert' it into Japanese driving license. Does that mean that you will have to take the driving test again? However, they said when you fail more, you will pass the test easier the next time.

Perhaps it is just rumours.
Owning a car in Japan is not cheap :-( . They have 'shaken' every 2-3 years. And it costs a lot.
Yup. That's true. Please don't take all my words regarding this ya

I'm not well versed in the terms and conditions. Do google around, there are many blogs and forums which provide accurate info.
You can TRANSLATE (please take note, TRANSLATE, not convert ya) your license to Japan License at any JAF (Japan Automobile Federation) throughout the country.
Getting the license to Drive is the most tricky part.
First of all, there are many different classes of vehicles.
Starting from gentsuki (scooter bikes not more than 50cc)
then motorcycle (above 50cc and below 250cc - not sure for the upper limit)
and big bikes - 500cc and above
then there are cars, and other vehicles.
AS FAR AS I UNDERSTAND (i may be wrong)
for scooter it's the easiest. If you've already have a motorbike license back in your country. You only need to sit for a 10question written test and score 7 out of 10.
After that you can drive scooter immediately.
For others, i heard you need to sit for written exam, also, but 50 questions and need to score something like 40 and above. Which is very tough.
Part 2, you may need a practical test. And this is VERY VERY VERY easy to FAIL.
A friend of mine tried 8 times.
So, easy to pass after failing? Not too sure. After failing many times? maybe =p
I think only thing you can exempt is taking lessons - which will cost you easily 300,000yen and above. (IF you have a valid license from your country).
COST of vehicles, as a rough reference only (in yen):
Bicycle (old) : Free
Bicycle (new) : 7000-100,000
Bicycle (electrical, new) : 100,000 and above
Scooter (50cc, old): 30,000 - 100,000
Scooter (50cc, new): 120,000 - 300,000
Car (small, old): 400,000 and above
Car (new): 1,000,000 and above
Public transport (average 200-300yen one way, within the city). That comes to 1000yen a day roughly if you switch between buses and different railways. Which = 20000-30000yen a month. Monthly ticket (within 2 fixed station, is about 7000-10000yen per month). I would like to highlight that public transport is not as cheap as you imagined, if you travel a lot. Hence, getting your own transportation for freedom and flexibility can be quite feasible.
SO, transportation is a very flexible, yet difficult to manage thing. There is no ultimate answer. Just depending on your budget, plan, distance of travelling and preference.
Bicycle + walking is the cheapest and some say most environmental friendly + good exercise. Well, depends whether you need to cycle 2-3km one way to campus + a lot of slopes + time rush + cannot stand heat (summer) and cold (winter). Travelling can be both a pain (physically and pain in your wallet) and an enjoyment. So decide wisely. =)