1)
The most possible interpretation is ハリーが死刑宣告で頷いた "Harry nodded to express that that(= Harry's nod) was a death sentence", but I think it might be just the translator's typo/mistranslation of 死刑宣告でもある.
2)
後ずさり is indeed from the -masu stem of 後ずさる, but the original verb 後ずさる is not so commonly used nowadays. The noun form 後ずさり is more common, therefore 後ずさりした is used there. (Thus, 後ずさった can be used instead of 後ずさりした.)