I've found home-made flash cards to be especially helpful, both for getting a decent mastery of vocabulary under your belt as well as for making simple sentence structures. When I first started out, I would write down new vocabulary lists of say, five to ten or so different words each day from either my dictionary or had picked up in overhearing conversation and then make them into flash cards. Next, I would set forth trying to commit them to memory as best as possible. It's best if you use common and frequently used vocabulary (whether they be particles, words, or even simple expressions) early on I think. Eventually through sheer repetition and constant practice you'll find that your retention level tends to be pretty high.
The next step is to then form simple phrases and sentence structures. Using your home-made flash cards, you can lay them out in front of you and arrange them in such a manner as to make any number of sentences. Besides, being cheap, easy, and something you can do yourself (all it takes is a marker and the actual cards--i've found regular index cards to work well btw) they actually do work relatively well as a learning tool.
If you want to complicate things even further, they can also be a rudimentary tool for learning how to identify the appropriate kanji (simply have it on the back of the card). Just some simple suggestions, hope it helps. You might be surprised how easy it is to learn hundreds of new vocabulary/phrases in a relatively short amount of time. After that, the next logical progression would be to polish and hone your mechanics. It always helps to have a friend with you who expresses a similar interest as well, so you can correct each other's pronunciation as well as practice or quiz each other whenever you feel like it.