Small English Questions

[Mac]

Hello, everyone.

I have a question. I am a little confused now.

I heard "I will be back in an hour." meansﾂ「ﾋ?ｪﾅｽﾅｾﾅ?ﾃ版津｣窶堙俄?禿溪?堙ｩﾂ。ﾂ」, notﾂ「ﾋ?ｪﾅｽﾅｾﾅ?ﾃ藩?遺?愿?窶堙俄?禿溪?堙ｩﾂ。ﾂ」But, how about this present sentence?

In 20 years, this number is expected to drop to 100.

(1) 窶堋ｱ窶堙個絶?敘ｽﾅ｡窶堙債、20窶扼窶堙娯?堋､窶堋ｿﾂ（ﾋ?遺?愿?ﾂ）窶堙?00窶堙俄?ｰﾂｺ窶堋ｪ窶堙ｩ窶堙?angaerareteimasuﾂ。
(2) 窶堋ｱ窶堙個絶?敘ｽﾅ｡窶堙債、20窶扼ﾅ津｣窶堙?00窶堙俄?ｰﾂｺ窶堋ｪ窶堙ｩ窶堙?angaerareteimasuﾂ。

How should I translate the sentence, (1) , (2) or the others? :?

 

[Elizabeth]

Hello, everyone.

I have a question. I am a little confused now.

I heard "I will be back in an hour." meansﾂ「ﾋ?ｪﾅｽﾅｾﾅ?ﾃ版津｣窶堙俄?禿溪?堙ｩﾂ。ﾂ」, notﾂ「ﾋ?ｪﾅｽﾅｾﾅ?ﾃ藩?遺?愿?窶堙俄?禿溪?堙ｩﾂ。ﾂ」But, how about this present sentence?

In 20 years, this number is expected to drop to 100.

(1) 窶堋ｱ窶堙個絶?敘ｽﾅ｡窶堙債、20窶扼窶堙娯?堋､窶堋ｿﾂ（ﾋ?遺?愿?ﾂ）窶堙?00窶堙俄?ｰﾂｺ窶堋ｪ窶堙ｩ窶堙?angaerareteimasuﾂ。
(2) 窶堋ｱ窶堙個絶?敘ｽﾅ｡窶堙債、20窶扼ﾅ津｣窶堙?00窶堙俄?ｰﾂｺ窶堋ｪ窶堙ｩ窶堙?angaerareteimasuﾂ。

How should I translate the sentence, (1) , (2) or the others? :?

Hi, Mac !

Your translations look fine to me, although depending on the situation #1 wouldn't be "after twenty years," but "around or very close to" will have dropped -- meaning the drop will take place gradually.

I can imagine a Japanese translation, but I'll let you try to make any changes first.

A short explanation for them would be that in general 'in 20 years' gives the impression of a highly accurate and scientifically-based projection of something that will occur gradually and reach a certain point on or around 20 years in the future. "Within twenty years" (2) is a little more flexible and could be 20 or a little less, perhaps more like 窶堙ｦ窶堙ｨ窶伉ｽ窶堋ｭ窶堙坂?堙遺?堋｢ in Japanese. :?

 

[Mac]

Your translations look fine to me, although depending on the situation #1 wouldn't be "after twenty years," but "around or very close to" will have dropped -- meaning the drop will take place gradually.

ﾂ湘ｳ窶ｹﾂｵ窶堙俄?堙ｦ窶堙ｨ窶堙懌?堋ｷ窶堋ｪﾂ、窶禿ｳ窶堙債、ﾂ青ｳ窶堋ｵ窶堋ｻ窶堋､窶堙??堋ｷﾂ。(1)窶堙債、ﾂ"20nenﾅ津｣ﾂ"窶堙??堙坂?堙遺?堋ｭﾂ、ﾂ"20窶扼窶堋?窶堋ｽ窶堙ｨﾂ、20窶扼ﾂ債?ﾂ"窶堙嫁陳ｸﾂ渉ｭ窶堋ｵ窶堙??堋ｵ窶堙懌?堙≫?堋ｽ窶堙??堋｢窶堋､ﾅｽ窶凪?堙??堋ｷ窶堙ｦ窶堙仰。(will have dropped.)[?] ﾅ陳ｸﾂ渉ｭ窶堋ｪﾂ鞘┐ﾂ々窶堙俄?ｹN窶堋ｱ窶堙ｩ窶堙??堋｢窶堋､ﾅｽ窶凪?堙??堋ｷﾂ。

I can imagine a Japanese translation, but I'll let you try to make any changes first.

窶愿ｺ窶怒ﾅ津ｪ窶堙娯?禿ｳ窶堋ｪ窶?窶佛督出窶藩??堙ｩ窶堋ｯ窶堙?、窶堙懌?堋ｸﾂ渉ｭ窶堋ｵ窶｢ﾃ渉更窶堋ｵ窶堙??堙?窶堙ｧ窶堋｢窶堙懌?堋ｷﾂ。

A short explanation for them would be that in general 'in 20 years' gives the impression of a highly accurate and scientifically-based projection of something that will occur gradually and reach a certain point on or around 20 years in the future. "Within twenty years" (2) is a little more flexible and could be 20 or a little less, perhaps more like 窶堙ｦ窶堙ｨ窶伉ｽ窶堋ｭ窶堙坂?堙遺?堋｢ in Japanese.

窶堋ｻ窶堙ｪ窶堙ｧ窶堙娯?兒窶堋｢窶｢\ﾅ陳ｻ窶堙債、ﾂ"in 20 yearsﾂ"窶堋ｪﾂ、ﾂ鞘┐ﾂ々窶堙俄?ｹN窶堋ｱ窶堙≫?堙??愿≫?凖ｨ窶堙娯?凖ｶ窶忸窶堙俄?愬ｾ窶傳窶堋ｷ窶堙ｩ窶堋ｩﾂ、20窶扼ﾂ債?窶堙俄?ｹN窶堋ｱ窶堙ｩ窶ｰﾂｽ窶堙ｧ窶堋ｩ窶堙娯?敕ｱﾂ湘ｭ窶堙可青ｳﾅ?m窶堙?、窶ｰﾃ闇?w窶廬窶堙盈oto-ni-shitaﾅ陳ｩﾂ静鞘?堙?窶堙ｨ窶堙戸?ｳﾂ湘帚?堙ｰ窶膿窶堋ｦ窶堙懌?堋ｷﾂ。ﾂ"within twenty yearsﾂ［20窶扼ﾋ?遺?愿?ﾂ］(2)ﾂ"窶堙債、ﾂ渉ｭ窶堋ｵFlexible窶堙?、20窶扼窶楼ﾂ、窶堙懌?堋ｽ窶堙?0窶扼窶堙ｦ窶堙ｨﾂ渉ｭ窶堋ｵ窶楼ﾂ、窶堙?窶堋ｵ窶堋ｩ窶堋ｷ窶堙ｩ窶堙?、窶愿ｺ窶怒ﾅ津ｪ窶堙?"窶堙ｦ窶堙ｨ窶伉ｽ窶堋ｭ窶堙坂?堙遺?堋｢ﾂ"窶堋ｩ窶堙?窶堋ｵ窶堙ｪ窶堙遺?堋｢窶堙??堋｢窶堋､ﾅｽ窶凪?堙俄?堙遺?堙ｩ窶堋ｩ窶堙?窶堋ｵ窶堙ｪ窶堙懌?堋ｹ窶堙ｱﾂ。

Thank you so much for explaining the sentences. Most of my translations would be incorrect, but I tried to translate them, because I couldn't read them easily.

My dictionary says "in" means ﾂ"ﾂ〜窶堙娯?堋､窶堋ｿ窶堙可、ﾂ〜窶堙固?ﾃ披?堙可" or ﾂ"ﾂ〜ﾅ津｣窶堙可". It seems ﾂ"ﾂ〜ﾅ津｣窶堙可" is used in the sentences that contain "will" and ﾂ"ﾂ〜窶堙娯?堋､窶堋ｿ窶堙可、ﾂ〜窶堙固?ﾃ披?堙可" are used in the sentences that don't contain "will".

In 20 years, this number is expected to drop to 100.
窶堋ｱ窶堙個絶?敘ｽﾅ｡窶堙債、20窶扼窶堙娯?堋､窶堋ｿ窶堙可（20窶扼窶堙固?ﾃ披?堙可）100窶堙俄?ｰﾂｺgarutoﾂ考窶堋ｦ窶堙ｧ窶堙ｪ窶堙??堋｢窶堙懌?堋ｷﾂ。

So, "in" means it happens gradually in this case... I think I understand.

 

[lexico]

Hello, everyone.

I have a question. I am a little confused now.

I heard "I will be back in an hour." meansﾂ「ﾋ?ｪﾅｽﾅｾﾅ?ﾃ版津｣窶堙俄?禿溪?堙ｩﾂ。ﾂ」, notﾂ「ﾋ?ｪﾅｽﾅｾﾅ?ﾃ藩?遺?愿?窶堙俄?禿溪?堙ｩﾂ。ﾂ」But, how about this present sentence?

In 20 years, this number is expected to drop to 100.

(1) 窶堋ｱ窶堙個絶?敘ｽﾅ｡窶堙債、20窶扼窶堙娯?堋､窶堋ｿﾂ（ﾋ?遺?愿?ﾂ）窶堙?00窶堙俄?ｰﾂｺ窶堋ｪ窶堙ｩ窶堙?angaerareteimasuﾂ。
(2) 窶堋ｱ窶堙個絶?敘ｽﾅ｡窶堙債、20窶扼ﾅ津｣窶堙?00窶堙俄?ｰﾂｺ窶堋ｪ窶堙ｩ窶堙?angaerareteimasuﾂ。

How should I translate the sentence, (1) , (2) or the others? :?

Elizabeth explained it quite well for your example. Just to give two examples with the same pattern Verb+in+(time), let's look at

"I'll see you in an hour" or
"Meet me back in an hour."

In these examples, the "in"s actually mean "after" or "exactly after." The point is; "in" can have technically different usages, and the difference depends on context. Hence your type-(2) translation should apply in the other examples I introduced. The different verbs largely determine the context.

 

[Elizabeth]

ﾂ湘ｳ窶ｹﾂｵ窶堙俄?堙ｦ窶堙ｨ窶堙懌?堋ｷ窶堋ｪﾂ、窶禿ｳ窶堙債、ﾂ青ｳ窶堋ｵ窶堋ｻ窶堋､窶堙??堋ｷﾂ。(1)窶堙債、ﾂ"20nenﾅ津｣ﾂ"窶堙??堙坂?堙遺?堋ｭﾂ、ﾂ"20窶扼窶堋?窶堋ｽ窶堙ｨﾂ、20窶扼ﾂ債?ﾂ"窶堙嫁陳ｸﾂ渉ｭ窶堋ｵ窶堙??堋ｵ窶堙懌?堙≫?堋ｽ窶堙??堋｢窶堋､ﾅｽ窶凪?堙??堋ｷ窶堙ｦ窶堙仰。(will have dropped.)[?] ﾅ陳ｸﾂ渉ｭ窶堋ｪﾂ鞘┐ﾂ々窶堙俄?ｹN窶堋ｱ窶堙ｩ窶堙??堋｢窶堋､ﾅｽ窶凪?堙??堋ｷﾂ。窶愿ｺ窶怒ﾅ津ｪ窶堙娯?禿ｳ窶堋ｪ窶?窶佛督出窶藩??堙ｩ窶堋ｯ窶堙?、窶堙懌?堋ｸﾂ渉ｭ窶堋ｵ窶｢ﾃ渉更窶堋ｵ窶堙??堙?窶堙ｧ窶堋｢窶堙懌?堋ｷﾂ。窶堋ｻ窶堙ｪ窶堙ｧ窶堙娯?兒窶堋｢窶｢\ﾅ陳ｻ窶堙債、ﾂ"in 20 yearsﾂ"窶堋ｪﾂ、ﾂ鞘┐ﾂ々窶堙俄?ｹN窶堋ｱ窶堙≫?堙??愿≫?凖ｨ窶堙娯?凖ｶ窶忸窶堙俄?愬ｾ窶傳窶堋ｷ窶堙ｩ窶堋ｩﾂ、20窶扼ﾂ債?窶堙俄?ｹN窶堋ｱ窶堙ｩ窶ｰﾂｽ窶堙ｧ窶堋ｩ窶堙娯?敕ｱﾂ湘ｭ窶堙可青ｳﾅ?m窶堙?、窶ｰﾃ闇?w窶廬窶堙盈oto-ni-shitaﾅ陳ｩﾂ静鞘?堙?窶堙ｨ窶堙戸?ｳﾂ湘帚?堙ｰ窶膿窶堋ｦ窶堙懌?堋ｷﾂ。ﾂ"within twenty yearsﾂ［20窶扼ﾋ?遺?愿?ﾂ］(2)ﾂ"窶堙債、ﾂ渉ｭ窶堋ｵFlexible窶堙?、20窶扼窶楼ﾂ、窶堙懌?堋ｽ窶堙?0窶扼窶堙ｦ窶堙ｨﾂ渉ｭ窶堋ｵ窶楼ﾂ、窶堙?窶堋ｵ窶堋ｩ窶堋ｷ窶堙ｩ窶堙?、窶愿ｺ窶怒ﾅ津ｪ窶堙?"窶堙ｦ窶堙ｨ窶伉ｽ窶堋ｭ窶堙坂?堙遺?堋｢ﾂ"窶堋ｩ窶堙?窶堋ｵ窶堙ｪ窶堙遺?堋｢窶堙??堋｢窶堋､ﾅｽ窶凪?堙俄?堙遺?堙ｩ窶堋ｩ窶堙?窶堋ｵ窶堙ｪ窶堙懌?堋ｹ窶堙ｱﾂ。

Thank you so much for explaining the sentences. Most of my translations would be incorrect, but I tried to translate them, because I couldn't read them easily.

My dictionary says "in" means ﾂ"ﾂ〜窶堙娯?堋､窶堋ｿ窶堙可、ﾂ〜窶堙固?ﾃ披?堙可" or ﾂ"ﾂ〜ﾅ津｣窶堙可". It seems ﾂ"ﾂ〜ﾅ津｣窶堙可" is used in the sentences that contain "will" and ﾂ"ﾂ〜窶堙娯?堋､窶堋ｿ窶堙可、ﾂ〜窶堙固?ﾃ披?堙可" are used in the sentences that don't contain "will".

ﾂ「窶堙固?ﾃ披?堙可」窶堙 during within (another set of events) 窶堙架?ｪ窶敕披?ｹﾃ溪?堋｢窶堋ｩ窶堙ｱ窶堋ｶ窶堋ｶ窶堙｡窶堙遺?堋｢窶堙娯?堙??堋ｵ窶堙･窶堋､窶堋ｩﾂ？ﾂ 窶堙?窶堋ｿ窶堙ｫ窶堙ｱﾂ、窶禿｢窶佚ｨ窶堙遺?堋ｭﾋ?凪?督｡窶堋ｪ窶堙ｭ窶堋ｩ窶堙ｨ窶堙懌?堋ｷ窶堋ｪﾂ、窶ｰpﾅ津ｪ窶堙??堋ｵ窶堙??堙坂?堋ｿ窶堙･窶堙≫?堙??｢ﾃ鞘?堙闇陳ｾ窶堋｢窶｢ﾃｻ窶堋ｾ窶堙?ｽv窶堋｢窶堙懌?堋ｷ窶堙仰。

ﾂ鞘┐ﾂ々窶堙俄?堋ｨ窶堋ｫ窶堋ｽﾅｽ窶凪?堙??堙坂?堙遺?堋｢窶堙ｱ窶堙??堋ｷ窶堋ｪﾂ、ﾂ「窶啀窶唸窶扼ﾅ津｣窶堙懌?堙?、窶｢ﾃ鞘?堙ｭ窶堙≫?堙??堋｢窶堙遺?堋ｩ窶堙≫?堋ｽﾂ」窶堙個湘ｪﾂ坂?｡窶堙債、窶堋ｻ窶堙娯?堋ｳ窶堋ｪ窶堋ｽﾅｽﾅｾ窶彑窶堙ｰ窶ｹﾂｭ窶卍ｲ窶堙?「Sudden decreaseﾂ」窶堙娯?｢ﾃｻ窶堋ｪﾂ、窶堋ｳ窶堋ｪ窶堋ｽﾅ津｣窶堙戸?ｪ窶敕岩?廬窶堙闇陳ｾ窶堋｢窶｢ﾃｻ窶堙固?'窶堋ｶ窶堋ｪ窶堋ｵ窶堙懌?堋ｷﾂ。ﾂ ﾂ


Sorry I don't have more time to think in Japanese right now. I'll be back with this tonight.

 

[Elizabeth]

ﾂ湘ｳ窶ｹﾂｵ窶堙俄?堙ｦ窶堙ｨ窶堙懌?堋ｷ窶堋ｪﾂ、窶禿ｳ窶堙債、ﾂ青ｳ窶堋ｵ窶堋ｻ窶堋､窶堙??堋ｷﾂ。(1)窶堙債、ﾂ"20nenﾅ津｣ﾂ"窶堙??堙坂?堙遺?堋ｭﾂ、ﾂ"20窶扼窶堋?窶堋ｽ窶堙ｨﾂ、20窶扼ﾂ債?ﾂ"窶堙嫁陳ｸﾂ渉ｭ窶堋ｵ窶堙??堋ｵ窶堙懌?堙≫?堋ｽ窶堙??堋｢窶堋､ﾅｽ窶凪?堙??堋ｷ窶堙ｦ窶堙仰。(will have dropped.)[?] ﾅ陳ｸﾂ渉ｭ窶堋ｪﾂ鞘┐ﾂ々窶堙俄?ｹN窶堋ｱ窶堙ｩ窶堙??堋｢窶堋､ﾅｽ窶凪?堙??堋ｷﾂ。窶愿ｺ窶怒ﾅ津ｪ窶堙娯?禿ｳ窶堋ｪ窶?窶佛督出窶藩??堙ｩ窶堋ｯ窶堙?、窶堙懌?堋ｸﾂ渉ｭ窶堋ｵ窶｢ﾃ渉更窶堋ｵ窶堙??堙?窶堙ｧ窶堋｢窶堙懌?堋ｷﾂ。窶堋ｻ窶堙ｪ窶堙ｧ窶堙娯?兒窶堋｢窶｢\ﾅ陳ｻ窶堙債、ﾂ"in 20 yearsﾂ"窶堋ｪﾂ、ﾂ鞘┐ﾂ々窶堙俄?ｹN窶堋ｱ窶堙≫?堙??愿≫?凖ｨ窶堙娯?凖ｶ窶忸窶堙俄?愬ｾ窶傳窶堋ｷ窶堙ｩ窶堋ｩﾂ、20窶扼ﾂ債?窶堙俄?ｹN窶堋ｱ窶堙ｩ窶ｰﾂｽ窶堙ｧ窶堋ｩ窶堙娯?敕ｱﾂ湘ｭ窶堙可青ｳﾅ?m窶堙?、窶ｰﾃ闇?w窶廬窶堙盈oto-ni-shitaﾅ陳ｩﾂ静鞘?堙?窶堙ｨ窶堙戸?ｳﾂ湘帚?堙ｰ窶膿窶堋ｦ窶堙懌?堋ｷﾂ。ﾂ"within twenty yearsﾂ［20窶扼ﾋ?遺?愿?ﾂ］(2)ﾂ"窶堙債、ﾂ渉ｭ窶堋ｵFlexible窶堙?、20窶扼窶楼ﾂ、窶堙懌?堋ｽ窶堙?0窶扼窶堙ｦ窶堙ｨﾂ渉ｭ窶堋ｵ窶楼ﾂ、窶堙?窶堋ｵ窶堋ｩ窶堋ｷ窶堙ｩ窶堙?、窶愿ｺ窶怒ﾅ津ｪ窶堙?"窶堙ｦ窶堙ｨ窶伉ｽ窶堋ｭ窶堙坂?堙遺?堋｢ﾂ"窶堋ｩ窶堙?窶堋ｵ窶堙ｪ窶堙遺?堋｢窶堙??堋｢窶堋､ﾅｽ窶凪?堙俄?堙遺?堙ｩ窶堋ｩ窶堙?窶堋ｵ窶堙ｪ窶堙懌?堋ｹ窶堙ｱﾂ。

Thank you so much for explaining the sentences. Most of my translations would be incorrect, but I tried to translate them, because I couldn't read them easily.

My dictionary says "in" means ﾂ"ﾂ〜窶堙娯?堋､窶堋ｿ窶堙可、ﾂ〜窶堙固?ﾃ披?堙可" or ﾂ"ﾂ〜ﾅ津｣窶堙可". It seems ﾂ"ﾂ〜ﾅ津｣窶堙可" is used in the sentences that contain "will" and ﾂ"ﾂ〜窶堙娯?堋､窶堋ｿ窶堙可、ﾂ〜窶堙固?ﾃ披?堙可" are used in the sentences that don't contain "will".

In 20 years, this number is expected to drop to 100.
窶堋ｱ窶堙個絶?敘ｽﾅ｡窶堙債、20窶扼窶堙娯?堋､窶堋ｿ窶堙可（20窶扼窶堙固?ﾃ披?堙可）100窶堙俄?ｰﾂｺgarutoﾂ考窶堋ｦ窶堙ｧ窶堙ｪ窶堙??堋｢窶堙懌?堋ｷﾂ。

So, "in" means it happens gradually in this case... I think I understand.

窶堋ｱ窶堙娯?愿ｱ窶堙や?堙娯?｢ﾂｶ窶堙戸?凪?督｡窶堙ｰ窶堙坂?堙≫?堋ｫ窶堙ｨ窶ｹﾃｦ窶｢ﾃ岩?堋ｷ窶堙ｩ窶堙娯?堙坂?愿ｯ窶堋ｵ窶堋｢窶堙??堋ｷﾂ。窶堋ｱ窶堙個湘ｪﾂ坂?｡ﾂ、ﾂ「窶堙可」窶堙?『窶堋｢窶堙遺?堋｢窶堙可、窶堋､窶堋ｿ窶堙可』
窶堙固ｽg窶堋｢窶｢ﾃｻ窶堙坂?堙吮?堙??堙ｱ窶堙??慊ｯ窶堋ｶ窶堙??堋ｷﾂ。ﾂ 窶堙?窶堋ｵ窶啣窶唹窶扼ﾅ津｣ﾂ、窶堋ｻ窶堙固ｽ窶凪?堋ｪ窶ｹN窶堋ｫ窶堋ｽ窶堙ｧﾂ『窶愿ｱﾂ十窶扼ﾋ?遺?愿?窶堙可」窶堙娯?敕才?坂?堙ｰ窶卍ｴ窶堋ｦ窶堙??堋｢窶堙ｩ窶堙??堋｢窶堋､窶堙娯?堙才?ｪ窶敕岩?廬窶堙俄?佛?ﾋ?｡窶彑窶堋ｾ窶堋ｯ窶堙??堋ｷﾂ。ﾂ

ﾂ

窶堙??堋ｱ窶堙ｫ窶堙?、窶ｰpﾅ津ｪ窶堋ｾ窶堙?、ﾂ「In twenty years this number is expected to have fallen to 100]窶堙債青ｳ窶堋ｵ窶堋｢窶堙?ｽv窶堋｢窶堙懌?堋ｷ窶堋ｪﾂ、窶｢ﾂ≫?凖岩?堙姑但ﾆ陳?椎?ﾆ谷ﾂ人窶堙坂?堋ｱ窶堙固陳ｾ窶堋｢窶｢ﾃｻ窶堙坂?堋ｵ窶堙懌?堋ｹ窶堙ｱﾂ。窶堙??堙?ﾂ、
[to have fallen]窶堙娯?｢\ﾅ陳ｻ窶堙債「ﾂ鞘┐ﾂ々窶堙俄?ｹN窶堋ｱ窶堙≫?堋ｽﾅｽ窶督」窶堙??堋｢窶堋､ﾅ?'窶堋ｶ窶堋ｪ窶堋ｵ窶堙懌?堋ｷ窶堙仰。

ﾂ「In twenty years this number is expected to have fallen to 100ﾂ」窶堙坂?禿｢窶佚ｨ窶堋?窶堙ｨ窶堙懌?堋ｹ窶堙ｱﾂ。

 

[studyonline]

I would say; in twenty years this number is expected to drop to 100. Is it more natural? except that there is no meaning of "ﾂ鞘┐ﾂ々窶堙?.

If to + have + past participle? in a sentence, is it always considered "ﾂ鞘┐ﾂ々窶堙?? Just wondered.

 

[Glenn]

No, it isn't. That's something that has to be explicitly stated.

 

[Elizabeth]

I would say; in twenty years this number is expected to drop to 100. Is it more natural? except that there is no meaning of "ﾂ鞘┐ﾂ々窶堙?.

It is more natural for sure, any and all careless mistakes I take full responsibility for.