In reality, however, mobile carrier outlets, engaged in increasingly fierce price competitions, are offering price cuts of well over ¥20,000 by also applying their own discounts. The FTC believes the sales practice of offering ¥1 handsets "is feared to be leading to dumping." Resellers who sell handsets procured at bargain prices have been causing such problems as supply shortages of popular smartphone models. Observers say that low-cost smartphone carriers providing services by borrowing major carriers' networks are in disadvantageous positions in competitions as they find it hard to secure funds for offering major discounts.