Grammar

[Toritoribe]

Notice that it's not 緊張しなくなった. Unlike 緊張しない, 緊張感がない has a negative nuance, close to "slack/lazy".

反面 is used for state or characteristic, whereas 一方で is for action/movement. 一方 is basically for active situation, so it's sometimes close to 反面. Since these words can be semantically overlapping to each other, they are sometimes interchangeable. In your examples, 都会の生活は面白いことが多い一方/一方で、ストレスも多い is also valid since these also can be considered "action", but 会議では自分の意見を言う反面、ほかの人の話もよく聞いてください。 sounds odd since these can't be "state". (Incidentally, 彼は自分の意見を言う反面、ほかの人の話もよく聞く is valid since these are his characteristic.)

 

[Sultan]

Notice that it's not 緊張しなくなった. Unlike 緊張しない, 緊張感がない has a negative nuance, close to "slack/lazy".

反面 is used for state or characteristic, whereas 一方で is for action/movement. 一方 is basically for active situation, so it's sometimes close to 反面. Since these words can be semantically overlapping to each other, they are sometimes interchangeable. In your examples, 都会の生活は面白いことが多い一方/一方で、ストレスも多い is also valid since these also can be considered "action", but 会議では自分の意見を言う反面、ほかの人の話もよく聞いてください。 sounds odd since these can't be "state". (Incidentally, 彼は自分の意見を言う反面、ほかの人の話もよく聞く is valid since these are his characteristic.)

[一方で is for action/movement. 一方 is basically for active situation]
で is optional or it changes meaning from latter to former?

 

[Toritoribe]

The latter. They are not the same (but overlapping).

 

[Sultan]

The latter. They are not the same (but overlapping).

I see. Thank you

 

[Sultan]

我々は競争相手にどうしても勝たねばならない。
Is it short of 勝たなければ, is it grammatical and when is it / can it be used?

Except かわりに can be used as "in return for a favour" and "instead of doing something, do something different but equivalent instead", what's it difference with 一方(で) and 反面? Is it for action/movement/active situation/state/characteristic and does it mean the opposing side of something have the same degree/extent?
ワリーの仕事は自由な時間が多いかわりに、お金のことがいつも心配だ。
会長の山田さんは、実行力があるかわりに、深く考えることはしない。
Can I put 反面 in the first sentence and 一方で in the second one?

 

[Toritoribe]

ねば is a classical form of なければ. The meaning is the same, but you need to pay attention that the form is せねば, not しねば, when connecting to -suru verbs. This is the only difference from なければ.

かわりに always means "instead of" when comparing two actions, so, in an example 会議では自分の意見を言うかわりに、ほかの人の話をよく聞いてください。, the speaker is saying "you don't say your opinion, instead, you should hear others' opinion" , thus, the meaning is different from 一方/反面 (and this is also the reason why を is used after 人の話 instead of も).

 

[Sultan]

ねば is a classical form of なければ. The meaning is the same, but you need to pay attention that the form is せねば, not しねば, when connecting to -suru verbs. This is the only difference from なければ.

かわりに always means "instead of" when comparing two actions, so, in an example 会議では自分の意見を言うかわりに、ほかの人の話をよく聞いてください。, the speaker is saying "you don't say your opinion, instead, you should hear others' opinion" , thus, the meaning is different from 一方/反面 (and this is also the reason why を is used after 人の話 instead of も).

But when comparing characteristics or states, as in
ワリーの仕事は自由な時間が多いかわりに、お金のことがいつも心配だ。
会長の山田さんは、実行力があるかわりに、深く考えることはしない。
does it overlap with 反面?
These two sentences mean "Wally has a lot of free time" and "Yamada-san is a man of an action", not the opposite, do I understand it right?

 

[Toritoribe]

But when comparing characteristics or states, as in
ワリーの仕事は自由な時間が多いかわりに、お金のことがいつも心配だ。
会長の山田さんは、実行力があるかわりに、深く考えることはしない。
does it overlap with 反面?

Yes.

These two sentences mean "Wally has a lot of free time" and "Yamada-san is a man of an action", not the opposite, do I understand it right?

Your translations are correct, but 自由な時間が多い vs. お金のことがいつも心配だ and 実行力がある vs. 深く考えることはしない are opposite, respectively.

 

[Sultan]

Yes.


Your translations are correct, but 自由な時間が多い vs. お金のことがいつも心配だ and 実行力がある vs. 深く考えることはしない are opposite, respectively.

I see.
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I was trouble with that question. How does かわりに work here and why C not A or B. I chose A.
"I go to sleep early, but I also wake up early and study"?

 

[Toritoribe]

かわりに means "instead" there, since 遅く帰る, 早く寝る and 朝早く起きて勉強する are all action. 眠くなる can be a state, but this is a reason why they wake up early and study, not another side of it.

 

[Sultan]

Is 初起動時 read as はつきどうじ or しょきどうじ?

 

[Toritoribe]

はつきどうじ

 

[Sultan]

Does it mean no のなら after noun and na-adjectives in present positive form or in any form (present/past positive/negative)?

Does 年内に mean before current year ends (e.g. 2017), or before a year passes (e.g. until July 6, 2018)?

 

[Toritoribe]

Does it mean no のなら after noun and na-adjectives in present positive form or in any form (present/past positive/negative)?

No. That explanation shows that only ～だ（の）なら is invalid, and you need to use ～である（の）なら instead. There is no problem with ～でない/だった/でなかった + （の）なら.

Does 年内に mean before current year ends (e.g. 2017), or before a year passes (e.g. until July 6, 2018)?

The former. The latter is 一年以内に.

 

[Sultan]

I have trouble with understanding most of these examples about つもり. Are those translations good?

私は今年７７歳ですが、まだまだ若いつもりです。
I'm going to be 77 this year, but I still feel young at heart [or more literally, I still pretend to be young]. {intention}

冗談で言ったつもりの言葉だったが、彼は怒ったような顔をした。
Those words were meant to be [merely] a joke, but he didn't look too happy [when he heard them].
Is つもり here intention of the speaker or third party, or is it not clear without context?

先に入社した由美は先輩のつもりらしいが、本当は私の方が年上なのだ。
Yumi, who was employed before me, is supposed to be my senior [to act as my senior], but I'm actually older than her. (Since she joined earlier than the speaker, she's a senior in terms of employment) {intention}
Does つもり here refer to intention or feeling of Yumi? Does つもりらしい means she seems to feel as my senior / seems to intend to be/act as my senior?

こんなに汚いのに、それでも掃除したつもりですか。
Even though it's so dirty, you still believe you did the cleaning?

First one is more or less clear and fourth seems like I pretty much get it. If they are okay, then just want to confirm it.

 

[Andromedashun]

つもり doesn't mean ''believe''

 

[Majestic]

つもり doesn't mean ''believe''

It isn't a one-for-one translation of the word "believe" on its own, but in the translated phrases above, the English word "believe" is an acceptable, economical, serviceable translation.
You could translate the phrase "それでも掃除したつもりですか" into the English complaint "You call that cleaning?", and it would be a good translation also, even though the words are changed from the Japanese original. I think Sultan's translations, and his understanding of this slippery word "つもり" are fine.

 

[Sultan]

It isn't a one-for-one translation of the word "believe" on its own, but in the translated phrases above, the English word "believe" is an acceptable, economical, serviceable translation.
You could translate the phrase "それでも掃除したつもりですか" into the English complaint "You call that cleaning?", and it would be a good translation also, even though the words are changed from the Japanese original. I think Sultan's translations, and his understanding of this slippery word "つもり" are fine.

Not quite my translation. I asked somewhere else with my translations and got some corrections or another translation, but the fourth sentence is still my variant and first one is partially mine + corrections/addings.

 

[Sultan]

薬は好きじゃないと言って、山口さんは[病院から出た薬]を飲もうとしない。
Does [病院から出た薬] mean "the medicine given by hospital"?

I understand that つもり has more than one meaning, there is this one (

) in the book and some of sentences from drills.
Are my translations correct?

これ、ねずみにみえますか。自分ではねこをかいたつもりですが……。
"Does it look like mouse? I'm sure I drew cat, though?"

この靴下ていねいに洗濯したつもりですが、まだ完全にはきれいになっていない。
"I think I washed socks thoroughly, yet they are still not completely clean."

あなたはそれでもプロのつもりですか。プロならきちんと仕事をしてください。
"Despite that you still think you are professional? In that case do your job accurately."

したつもりです means "to believe to have done something" and not "intended to do smth", right?
the latter should be するつもりでした?

 

[Sultan]

Some questions about 敬語
尊敬語:
（先生は）明日の会議には出席されますか。
Does that one mean 尊敬語 can be formed by changing verb into passive form?

だ is said in textbook でいらっしゃる. Can it be おいでになる?
来る -> 見える and お見えになる?

謙譲語:
So it says in the book for humble language that involves or affects a superior:
（先生の）ご本をお借りします。
（先生を）会場へご案内します。
完成品はまだ（先生に）お見せできません。
But there are only special cases given for 丁重語, like 参る、いただく、おる、いたす、申す、存じておる、and 存じる.
Is there nothing for 丁重語 for other verbs, for example, 読みます would stay like this and not お読みします even if you talk in front of professor?

As for (で・)ござる, it's used by shop attendants, for example, but not when just talking to strangers or teacher,?

 

[Toritoribe]

薬は好きじゃないと言って、山口さんは[病院から出た薬]を飲もうとしない。
Does [病院から出た薬] mean "the medicine given by hospital"?

Is 病院から出た薬 the given answer?

Are my translations correct?

したつもりです means "to believe to have done something" and not "intended to do smth", right?
the latter should be するつもりでした?

Yes, yes and yes.

Does that one mean 尊敬語 can be formed by changing verb into passive form?

Yes.

だ is said in textbook でいらっしゃる. Can it be おいでになる?

おいでになる is an honorific verb of 行く, 来る, いる, or "the -te form of verbs/adjectives + いる", so it's not always interchangeable with だ.

来る -> 見える and お見えになる?

Yes.

But there are only special cases given for 丁重語, like 参る、いただく、おる、いたす、申す、存じておる、and 存じる.

いただく can be 丁重語 as the form ～させていただく.
存じております is just a variation of 存じる/存ず.

Is there nothing for 丁重語 for other verbs, for example, 読みます would stay like this and not お読みします even if you talk in front of professor?

お/ご～いたす is the general form of 丁重語. This is the same form as 謙譲語. You can also use ～いたす without お/ご for -suru verbs. This is 丁重語, not 謙譲語.

As for (で・)ござる, it's used by shop attendants, for example, but not when just talking to strangers or teacher,?

Yes, but ござる is not used even in business scenes. It's always ございます.

 

[Mike Cash]

 

[Lomaster]

Some questions about 敬語
As for (で・)ござる, it's used by shop attendants, for example, but not when just talking to strangers or teacher,?

Just wanted to mention that it is often used in fiction. Especially if the setting is Muromachi or Edo periods. So you can definitely use (で)ござる if you cosplay a samurai for example.

 

[Sultan]

Is 病院から出た薬 the given answer?

b is the given answer. I just wanted to focus on 病院から出た薬, I put [] and thought to change it with making 病院から出た薬 bold face because I wanted to know how to translate it.

いただく can be 丁重語 as the form ～させていただく.

～させていただく as more humble than ～させてもらう? I thought いただく for もらう is 謙譲語, and いただく for 食べる・飲む is 丁重語.
謙譲語 directly involves/affects superior in its action unlike 丁重語, right?

存じております is just a variation of 存じる/存ず.

Both 存じる・存じておる can mean either 思う and 知っている, as well as 思っている?

お/ご～いたす is the general form of 丁重語. This is the same form as 謙譲語. You can also use ～いたす without お/ご for -suru verbs. This is 丁重語, not 謙譲語.

お・ご work for both 丁重語 and 謙譲語, but いたす is exactly 丁重語, right?

Yes, but ござる is not used even in business scenes. It's always ございます.

So it would be even in the middle of the sentence, for example before から、ので?

 

[Toritoribe]

b is the given answer. I just wanted to focus on 病院から出た薬, I put [] and thought to change it with making 病院から出た薬 bold face because I wanted to know how to translate it.

Your translation is correct. I asked because 病院から出された薬 or 病院が出した薬 is grammatically more appropriate, but I've actually heard, for instance, 受付で薬が出る in real life, so it would be acceptable.

～させていただく as more humble than ～させてもらう?

Yes. You'd better think させていただく is a set phrase.

I thought いただく for もらう is 謙譲語, and いただく for 食べる・飲む is 丁重語.

Ah, yes. I forgot 食べる/飲む.

謙譲語 directly involves/affects superior in its action unlike 丁重語, right?

Right.

Both 存じる・存じておる can mean either 思う and 知っている, as well as 思っている?

Yes. I pointed out that there is no reason to list 存じておる specifically since it's just a variation of 存じる/存ず. You don't list 参っておる, いただいておる or いたしておる, right?

お・ご work for both 丁重語 and 謙譲語, but いたす is exactly 丁重語, right?

お/ご～いたす is both 丁重語 and 謙譲語, but ～いたす without お/ご for -suru verbs is 丁重語, as I wrote. For instance, お待ちいたします is valid both as 丁重語 and 謙譲語, but 待ちいたします is invalid since 待つ is not a -suru verb. 御社がご発展いたしますようお祈り申し上げます "I hope you(= your company) make progress" is no problem, but you can't use ご発展いたす for your in-group members since this is also 謙譲語. You need to use 発展いたす (e.g. 弊社はこれ以降発展いたしました "we made progress after that") in this case. Thus, you can consider that this is a variation of いたす.

So it would be even in the middle of the sentence, for example before から、ので?

Exactly.