I think these expressions are mostly used in the southern US and somewhat in the rural north, not so much in city or urban areas elsewhere.
So if visiting southern or rural areas of the US, you may hear these.
I can think of one that I use from time to time.
"That's too much sugar for a dime."
This is used when there is too much of something to do, or it is too much bother in relation to the gain from it.
Example, your house may need to be painted or fences mended. You may say, "That's too much sugar for a dime", and either put it off for a while or pay someone to do it.
Another I can think of - My grandfather used to say, "someone is busier than a cat on a tin roof". It's quite a common expression, around here at least. I think it may be more of a rural expression.
This comes from the habit of a cat scratching dirt over its deposits. Thus it would be pretty busy trying to do that on a metal roof since it would be impossible.
It may seem a bit crude to some, but it's not considered that way among country folk at least.
Example, if you have a lot to do you could say, "I'll be busier than a cat on a tin roof."
Or, for someone you know, you may say, "Sounds like (he, she, or "you" if speaking to them in person) will be busier than a cat on a tin roof." if they tell you that they are having a lot to do on a particular day.
If visiting the southern US, or even the rural north, a very common expression is "yonder". It's not really slang, but is a word that I think we english speakers usually take the meaning for granted. I think I sometimes say it without even thinking.
"Yonder" can be combined with a few different words having to do with direction: "up yonder", "down yonder", and "over yonder".
If you are in a mountainous area, someone living midways up the mountain may make reference to a neighbor who lives either "up yonder" or "down yonder" from them.
These two terms may also be used to describe one direction or another on a road. Since I live on a road that runs from east to west, for no certain reason I usually think of "up" as east and "down" as west. This of course varies widely from one person to the next. Some one else may think of "up" or "down" as any other direction in relation to where they live.
So sometimes "up" and "down" used this way in a horizontal direction has no consistent connection to any one direction.
How then do we know which direction is "yonder"? Everyone who is a southerner or anyone who has spent any time in the south knows to watch for the hand gesture that accompanies the use of the word "yonder". I spent a few years in Florida around people from Kentucky when I was young and impressionable. So I picked up some of these expressions.
An example of the use of "yonder", I could say, "My neighbor who has horses lives over yonder." At the same time as I say "over yonder", I would point in the general direction in which that neighbor lives.
The pointing is usually done as a quick gesture with either the index finger or an open hand. Either the right or left hand may be used.
Another confusing set of words are those used to describe the three meals of the day.
Most of the US calls the first meal in the morning "breakfast", the mid-day or noon meal "lunch", and the last meal in the evening "dinner". So in order from morning to evening the meals would be "breakfast", "lunch", and "dinner".
Rural areas are often an exception. Rural people usually say "breakfast", "dinner", and "supper". In this case "dinner" is the noon time meal and "supper" is the last meal of the day that is eaten in the evening.
I was raised with calling the meals of the day breakfast, dinner, and supper. When I was younger and I would visit suburban or city dwellers, I would often be confused about the meals.
Just as an example, if you decide to meet someone at a restaurant and forget to tell them an exact time and simply say, "lets meet for dinner", be sure which meal they call "dinner" because it can vary. It could mean the difference of meeting them at the restaurant at 12 pm or 6 pm.
Something else that may confuse someone visiting the US is the wide variation of accents, the way people pronounce words. A good idea may be to listen to english speakers from different regions on video sites such as youtube or something.
There are slang versions of actual words too. For example as a literal word "inhale" means to breath in. As a slang word "inhale" can mean to eat very quickly.
With the literal meaning, "The jogger was inhaling heavily after their exercise."
As a slang word, "I saw you inhale your dinner (or lunch, breakfast, supper, candy, etc) and run out the door."
* run out the door - too leave in a hurry as if late for an appointment, etc.
Words ending with "-ing" may be shortened when pronounced. Such as "walking" and "walkin' ".
Another example or a variation of a real word would be "thing" and "thang". Same meaning, but the second version is a slang.
Example, "I saw the neighbor's new car yesterday. That thang [the car] was movin'."
With literal meaning "moving" can mean any speed of moving. "The snail was moving down the leaf." Or, "The race car was moving around the track."
As slang, "moving" (or "movin' ") means to move very, very fast.
Another such word would be "hauling". Its literal meaning means to transport something. "I was hauling the stones in the garden wagon."
However, as a slang "hauling" (or "haulin' ") also means to move or travel very quickly.
An example of this as a slang would be, "Did you see that race horse? He was haulin'!"
That's all I can think of right off hand.
"right off hand" - at this moment without really studying into it or thinking hard.
Most of the common ones were covered in the original post. Very good collection of expressions.
