なければならない

[charusu]

Hello all,

I was doing some looking into one of the obligatory forms and I have a question about etymology.

With true adjectives: 安くなければならない. (adverbial form of adjective + なければならない)

With な-adjectives: 静かでなければならない. (te-form of adjective + なければならない)

With verbs: 話さなければならない. (negative stem of verb +なければならない)

Why are these formulations so different? Why are the forms, for example, not all te-form (of adjectives and verbs) + なければならない? What I mean to say is, why in XXXX + なければならない is the XXXX not all the same form, independent of what form it is - like we see with many other expressions.

Thanks!

 

[Mike Cash]

Because then it would be the なくてはならない form.

 

[charusu]

Thank you for taking the time to reply, Mike! Unfortunately I do not understand your reply - would you mind clarifying? Also, is なければ a conjugation of 在る, 無い, or ない? And is ならない a conjugation of なる or is it the conjunction なら + ない?

Thank you very much!

 

[Toritoribe]

Right. なけれ is the -ba conditional form of ない, and ならない is the negative of なる. As you can see in the followings, they are the same. All those forms are negative stems.

i-adjective
安い --> 安くない --> 安くなければならない

na-adjective
静かだ --> 静かでない(a classical form of 静かではない) --> 静かでなければならない

verb
話す --> 話さない --> 話さなければならない

 

[charusu]

Got it! Makes complete sense! Thanks fellas!