おなり / された / ３８か国

Hi,


1. 兄さんはよくおなりだと思いますが。

Translation given: "I hope your brother is better."

Is おなり = お (honorific) + なり (成り)?


2. 欠席された友人たちのために、乾杯しましょう。

Translation given: "Let's drink to absent friends."

Is された an honorific form here?


3. ヨーロッパの人の考える食文化だから日本とは関係ないだろ うと思っていたら、１０年余りで世界３８か国、１３２都市に協会を持つまでに広が り・・・

a) I suppose １０年余りで means "in the ten years following (a date previously mentioned)", right?

b) Is か in ３８か国 a counter? Or does it indicate that the figure of 38 is uncertain?

c) Who or what is the subject of 持つ?


4. スローフード運動というと、「食事くらいゆっくり食べようじゃな いか」というスローガンだけで語られることがあるが、協会が目指している ことはもっと食文化の基本にかかわることである。

a) I thought 「食事くらいゆっくり食べようじゃないか」 meant something like "let's eat slowly", but I don't really understand the 食事くらい part...

b) Does もっと modify かかわる?

1) 2)
Yes.

3) a)
１０年余り: more than ten years
１０年足らず: less than ten years

b)
The former. It's the same か as the one in 1か(= ヶ)月.

c)
I don't know the context exactly, but it seems "the food culture(probably "slow food")" to me.

4) a)
くらい means "at least" (because modern people are so busy).

b)
I think 基本にかかわる performs as a set "relating to fundamentals", and もっと modifies the whole phrase here. I.e., もっと expresses about the level of closeness to the fundamentals, not how (e.g. more aggressively) they relate to the fundamentals.

Thank you,

3b) I have never troubled myself too much about counters, but, since we're here, why does １３２都市 not have a counter?

4a) Is it saying that people should eat slowly at least for meals, but accepting, for example, that people might have to eat snacks more quickly?

3) b)
３８国 is also acceptable.
As for か/ヶ, it's said that this counter is used for the ones that CAN mean an ordinal number such like 月, 条. For instanse, 三条 can refer to the third article, whereas 三ヶ条 only means three articles. This rule can't be applied to all counters, though.

4) a)
It more likely means "at least eating". Purely grammatically, it sould be 食事を食べる（とき）くらい for that meaning, but the writer would use it as the same sense as 食事くらいゆっくりしよう.