いられない / 読解のスキル / いらない / してって

Hello,

1. そんな下劣なやつとは付き合っていられない。

Translation given: "You must not keep company with such a mean fellow."

Is 付き合っていられない the negative potential form of 付き合っている (いる=居る)?


2.

＜読解のスキル＞

（１） 段落ごとの内容をとらえる。

・「１つ（目）、２つ（目）・・・」
・「第１に、第２に、・・・」
・「まず、次に、・・・」

（２） 対比されている部分を正確によむ。

・「～という点では（同じ、似ている、違う）」
・「～と似ている」 「～と違う」 「違いは～」
...
... continues in similar vein.

Although I understand most of the individual words and phrases, I am unclear about the overall purpose of this piece of text. Is it informational, listing Japanese words, phrases and constructions that the student should be aware of when reading a text? Or is it an instruction, telling the student to analyze the text that appeared earlier in the chapter and to incorporate the bullet-pointed words and phrases as appropriate? Or...?

On a related point, are とらえる and よむ imperatives?

Finally, why is よむ not written 読む?


3. 出口に近づいたら運転手に知らせてくれるから心配いらない。

My translation: "The driver is informed when he is approaching the exit, so there is no need (for him) to worry."

Is いらない = 要らない?


4. ちょうどいいね。新型の試乗してってもらうね。

Translation given: "Good timing. I'll get you to test drive the new model."

What is してって?

eeky said:

1. そんな下劣なやつとは付き合っていられない。
Translation given: "You must not keep company with such a mean fellow."
Is 付き合っていられない the negative potential form of 付き合っている (いる=居る)?

Click to expand...

Yes.
The Auxiliary verb is usually written in hiragana, so that we can recognize what the function of it is, verb or auxiliary verb(e.g. 箱を開けて見る "open the box and see (inside)" v.s. 箱を開けてみる "try to open the box").

eeky said:

2.
＜読解のスキル＞
（１） 段落ごとの内容をとらえる。
・「１つ（目）、２つ（目）・・・」
・「第１に、第２に、・・・」
・「まず、次に、・・・」
（２） 対比されている部分を正確によむ。
・「～という点では（同じ、似ている、違う）」
・「～と似ている」 「～と違う」 「違いは～」
...
... continues in similar vein.
Although I understand most of the individual words and phrases, I am unclear about the overall purpose of this piece of text. Is it informational, listing Japanese words, phrases and constructions that the student should be aware of when reading a text? Or is it an instruction, telling the student to analyze the text that appeared earlier in the chapter and to incorporate the bullet-pointed words and phrases as appropriate? Or...?

Click to expand...

It's the first one. They are tips to read the text.

eeky said:

On a related point, are とらえる and よむ imperatives?

Click to expand...

It might be とらえること/よむこと. What readers have to do is to catch/read...

eeky said:

Finally, why is よむ not written 読む?

Click to expand...

I can only say "it's the writer's preference". 読む is more common, I believe.

eeky said:

3. 出口に近づいたら運転手に知らせてくれるから心配いらない。
My translation: "The driver is informed when he is approaching the exit, so there is no need (for him) to worry."
Is いらない = 要らない?

Click to expand...

Yes.

eeky said:

4. ちょうどいいね。新型の試乗してってもらうね。
Translation given: "Good timing. I'll get you to test drive the new model."
What is してって?

Click to expand...

It's the contraction of していって, the -te form of していく.

Thank you!

I am pretty hazy about how imperatives are used in Japanese, and I can't always tell if a sentence has an imperative sense or not.

I rarely see the true imperatives (-e, -iro/-iyo, -ero/-eyo) in the textbook material that I'm studing; I understand that they are harsh and not often used in ordinary discourse. As far as other styles are concerned, I have seen the verb dictionary form, the ～て form, and the ～ましょう form all functioning in an imperative sense, I think, as well as ～なさい. Would it be possible to explain briefly the circumstances in which these different forms (and any others that I've missed) are normally used, and the different nuances that they carry? I hope this question isn't too big... any tips would be appreciated.

Yeah, imperative forms like 止まれ sounds rather rude, so it's basically used when scolding, quarreling, or like that. Even なさい has a sense of strong order, just like the police says to a suspicious car 「そこの車、止まりなさい！」.

The -te form might be most common in daily conversation, although it could sometimes have a feminine nuance. ましょう is also often used especially when the speaker talks to a group, so teachers often use this form. The dictionary form can mean an imperative, but it's not so often used in daily life, I think. It must be said in a strong tone in spoken language.

The conversation among close friends are exceptions. We often use 「ちゃんと止まれよ」 or like that.

Thank you!