- 22 Feb 2008
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Probably most languages, not only Japanese, have such "multiple expressions for one meaning" structure, in my opinion.;-)1)The problem that there is so many structure with the same meaning, for example : 上で = ために what is the difference between these two structures ?
Anyway, as for "in order to" context, there's no difference between the two words. 上で sounds more literary/formal, though.
we feel more and more anxious.2)老後のことを考えると、不安は募るばかりだ.
What does this mean of ばかり here ? Can I translate that "If we think about old age, we only feel anxious" ?
ばかり emphasizes 募る in this context.
Both, こうなった以上は and こうなった以上, can be used. There's no difference.3)こうなった以上は、もう他に方法はない.
Why do we have to use は after 以上 ? I think the sentence is sufficient without は.
Both are correct in this context.Another matter is that はない is correct or not ? I think it shoul be がない.
How to explane は/が issue
こうなった以上(は)、I can translate it as following " This is this way and certain that there is no other way"
Now that things have come to this pass,
It's a kind of set phrase.
Hope this helpful