I went to Takayama last year, but I've never been to
Hokkaido... Takayama is really nice, peaceful and quite tiny - if you want to go have a look at rural Japan, then it's a pretty good bet ~ it's a little touristy, but aimed at native Japanese instead of gaikokujin. Completely different to Tokyo or even Kyoto ^^ There are a couple of really nice daily markets, gorgeous scenery and extremely friendly locals
There's also a full on traditional village only a short ride out, full on smoking fires, huge thatched rooves, gigantic carp in muddy ponds... If you go, say hi to the owner of the Bow-Bee Okonomiyaki Restaurant!