I'm not sure, but...
To tokapi
Are you referring to some colloquial short phrases/expressions?
If so, I think they would be as follows:
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ホント、ほんと (=really/indeed/I mean it)
It's more casual than 本当に、ほんとに.
(ex) ホント、びっくりしたよ。(I was
really surprised!)
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で、で～ (=and/so/then/and so/and then/well)
In many cases, it's a shorter and more casual version of それで、だから.
(ex-1) 明日テストがあるんだよ。で、今夜は行けないと思う。
I have a test tomorrow,
and so I think I can't go there tonight.
(ex-2) まずお湯を沸かしてね。で、少し塩を入れるの。
Boil some water first,
and then put some salt in it.
(ex-3) で？
And so? (What's your point?)
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って (=は、とは)
Probably, you mean like the examples below.
Again, it's a very casual expression.
It can focus on the previous word.
(ex-1) 天ぷらっておいしいよね～。
Tempura is delicious, isn't it?
(ex-2) 四方山話って何ですか？
What is "yomoyamabanashi"?
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ま (=well?)
If you mean a word used at the beginning of the sentence,
it would be a shorter version of まあ、まぁ、まー.
But we don't use ま to express some surprise like まあ、まぁ.
まあ、きれい。(Oh, it's beautiful.)
まぁ、ひどい。(Oh dear, it's terrible.)
We say it on a light note, like ま、いいか。
It has a nuance of acceptance/understanding(of the so-so situation, etc).
Also, it's slightly lukewarm, and apts to change the previous feeling.
(ex-1) ま、いいか。(=ま、いっか。)
Well, I think it's OK.
(ex-2)
母： 太郎がまだ帰ってこないのよ。
Mother: Taro has not back yet.
父： ま、そのうち帰るだろう。もう大人だし大丈夫だよ。
Father:
Well, he will come back before long. It's OK. He's not a child anymore.