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Help with this sentence

About 4)
It connects the quote to the phrase afterwards. But I don't know how.

About 2)
I did read your explanation as careful as possible. I still don't understand it better.
 
5)
The sixth item on the graph for the poll the text was talking about:

死にそうに忙しいとき
=> い adjective minus い/masu-stem/na-adjective + そうに modifies a verb.
... + そうな modifies a noun.

"とき" is a noun if I understood it correctly, although its in a grammatical function of marking a temporal phrase.
In that case "そうに" doesnt make sense, it would have to be "そうな".

my translation:
"When I'm busy (with) dieing/The time I'm busy dieing"

Again my textbook gave me very little information on constructions with "そうに" -.-
There was only ONE example with a translation which didn't explicitely express the "look like" semantics of "そう":
子どもたちが楽しそうに遊んでいます
"The children are playing cheerfully".

I was given no example of how to translate verb + そうに...
this sucks because in german I have to make rather complex adjustments to verbs if they shall act as a modifier for another phrase, and it would have been nice if they had shown me at least ONCE how they would do it, because I have multiple options at hand and I would like to know of at least ONE which is legit for interpretation...
 
6) btw. 一ある時計の会社
what does this 一ある actually do there? Is it necessary, what information does it give? I simply neglected it in my translation and this seemed to be okay, but I'd still like to know why it is there ^^
 
7) In respect to the graph in the text we're talking about, there is the following question:
「男性が女性より悲観的な考え方をする」ことは グラフの 1-10 のはどの結果からわかりますか。

Would the following answer work:
その傾向は男性は女性より➄の答えをいったんですが、女性は男性より③のこたえをいったんです。
 
2)
What is your translation of 急用ができて帰った。?

4)
Notice that it's 一つ, not 一人.
One trend is the happiest moment that I wish.... The other (trend) is the case(s) to avoid bad things that ~.

5)
死にそうに modifies 忙しい, not とき. That's why the adverbial form is used there, as same as 楽しそうに modifies 遊んでいます.

6)
Not the kanji 一（いち）, but the dash ―.

7)
No.
 
2) "Because I had to finish urgent business, I returned."
3) Okay, I thought "一つ" represents "answer" not "trend" here.
"One trend is the happiest moment that I wish..."
Does this "that" represent a relative pronoun like in "The house that jack built" or a connector/correlate like in "He said that we must move".

I'm still a bit clueless on how the "一つは", the quote and the phrase after という are coordinated between each other. I guess the quote takes the function of the attribute or adverbial phrase modifying the phrase after という. And if I understood it correctly from what youve translated, the phrase after という is directly connected to the topic "一つは", while the quote is subordinated to the phrase after という in the function of an attribute/adverbial phrase.

5) okay, but why is 忙しい treated like a verb here? At least my textbook didn't want to tell me that そうに could be applied to adjectives, too...does いそがしい modify とき here, is it in the function of an adjective attribute for とき here?

6) Okay. But why is ある there?^^

7) Already thought so xD
Another try:
a)
③の答えは男性より女性のほうがおおいんですが、➄の答えは女性より男性のほうがおおいんです。

or a completely different approach:
b)
女性は③の答えを申し上げるのは傾向があったんですが、男性は➄のこたえを申し上げるのは傾向があったんです。

I used "もうしあげる" because I needed a transitive verb for "to tell". I don't know if I've made the right choice though...^^
 
2)
And what is 食事の途中で帰った。?

3)
The latter. That's exactly the function of という (e.g. 彼が死んだという嘘をついた I told a lie that he was dead.).

という is connected to 瞬間/場合, not 一つ.

5)
Yes. You must know adjectives perform as predicative as same as verbs (e.g. 彼は今忙しい He is busy now.), and verbs works like attributive in attributive clauses (e.g. 彼が来たとき the moment/when he came), right?

I think you need to change your way of interpreting. The Japanese sentences you are reading are correct in almost all cases (or more likely "always"). So, it's not "why そうな is not used here in spite of modifying a noun とき", but "the adverbial form そうに is used here, so this phrase must be modifying a verb, adjective or maybe adverb, not a noun とき."

6)
Dictionary is your friend.

ある【或る】
a certain; one; some

ある所に
at [in] a certain place

ある教授がそう言った
A certain professor said so.
Click to expand...
或るの英語・英訳 - goo辞書 英和和英

7) a)
多いですが、…多いからです。
The answer is "because..." so からです is used here.

b)
言う is transitive. 申し上げる is a humble verb of 言う.
 
About 2)
Wait, I said "Because I had to finish urgent business, I returned"
This implies the semantics of a modal verb like "must", which is represented through "had to" in past tense. But I can't find a corresponding element for such a modal verb in the japanese sentence like 急用ができなければならなくて. Would such a construction be grammatical at all?

Without the modal verb though, my causative construction seems odd:
"Because I finished urgent business, I returned. "

It seems to work with 途中で though:
"Because I was in the midst of finishing urgent business, I returned."
But didn't I already translate it that way, just with the wrong subject?
Narktor said:
The second part:
"...you returned in the midst of finishing urgent business"?
Even if this translation is correct though, it doesn't even make sense to me Oo
Click to expand...
I wouldn't know another way of translating it.
 
I thought you understood 急用ができて correctly, and "had to finish urgent business" is a free translation of it. Then you don't understand できる, either.

出来るの英語・英訳 - goo辞書 英和和英

Again, please read my reply more carefully. I asked you to translate 食事の途中で帰った。.
 
About 5)
Yes, that makes sense
I still need to ask these things because even if they come to my mind, I need to doublecheck them, and my textbook doesn't always introduce these aspects to me.

About 6)
Indeed ^^ I was so bent on 有る that it didn't come to my mind to look for homonyms...^^

About 7)
okay:
a) ③の答えは男性より女性のほうがおおいですが、➄の答えは女性より男性のほうがおおいからです。
=> is there a difference wether I say ...からです or ...ですから here?

b) just for the sake of completeness:
女性は③の答えを言うのは傾向があったんですが、男性は➄のこたえを言うのは傾向があったんです。
 
About 2)
a)
Toritoribe said:
I thought you understood 急用ができて correctly, and "had to finish urgent business" is a free translation of it. Then you don't understand できる, either.
Click to expand...

Well, it's not that easy for me to be sure wether such a free translation is correct or not ^^
in this case, できる means "to be completed", for example:
急用ができる => "urgent business is being completed/finished." In a more free translation, I could imagine: "I finish urgent business."

For the sentence 急用ができて帰った I would literally translate:
"Urgent business being finished, I returned" or "Because urgent business was being finished, I returned."
Especially the second version is very close to a free translation like "Because I had to finish urgent business, I returned".
But you once told me that -て form is basically always "just" a connector, if I understood it correctly. So for a free translation, if I wanted to be absolutely sure that I don't overinterprete the sentence, I would say this:
"I finished urgent business and I returned".
Of course this doesn't really make sense, especially in context of the sentence this phrase was originally embedded in.
But I can't know if this isn't due to the fact that I overlooked something, so I reiterated on the translation.

b)
食事の途中で帰った
=> "In the midst of urgent business I returned."
Would "Being in the midst of urgent business, I returned." work as well?
とちゅうで is composed of とちゅう and で.
とちゅう is a noun and means "en route" "midway", so I guess で is in the same function as a particle as for example in:
この場所で、運動会をしましょう。
=> "Let us hold a sports day in this place."
So I would say that in phrases with "verb/noun+とちゅうで" one can always use the respective forms of "to be", even though "to be" isn't explicitely realized in the phrase (as it happens oftentimes in japanese if I observed this correctly^^).
From a functional perspective, the verb/noun attached to "とちゅうで" become attributes for "とちゅう", am I right?
 
2) a)
Did you read the dictionary page I provided?

b)
食事 means "urgent business"??
食事の英語・英訳 - goo辞書 英和和英

7) a)
からです and ですから are the same in meaning.
It's わかるのは～からです vs. ～ですからわかります.

b)
のは is unnecessary.
 
2. a) Yes, why are you asking? Of the various meanings it has, I chose "to be completed" as the correct one for the context in the respective sentence(s).
I wouldn't know which else would fit better.

b) No, sry. I just didn't expect that you'd change from 急用 to 食事, and since we were still observing reduced versions of the same sentence, I didn't pay any attention to it and since I can't read kanji, I don't recognize such changes automatically.
But it shouldn't matter for the grammatical aspects we were discussing.

=> In the midst of the meal/having meal, I returned.

7)
a) okay
b) 女性は③の答えを言う傾向があったんですが、男性は➄のこたえを言う傾向があったんです。
 
2)
I quoted only "4 〔生じる〕come into existence" and there is an example sentence "急用ができて帰って行った Something urgent came up, and he went home."

Please reread my initial reply again. I already gave you hints, and you will be able to get it now.
Help with this sentence | Page 9 | Japan Forum

7) b)
ありますが、…あります。
 
About 2)
"...because urgent business came up, in the middle of it (=the meal) I returned"
That way?^^
Then とちゅうで and 急用ができて would each on its own modify 帰った right, they are independet from each other?

About 7b)
okay. Is there a reason why one shouldn't use past tense here?
 
2)
That's exactly what I explained in my initial reply from the beginning.

急用ができて and 途中で both modify 帰った
急用ができて doesn't modify 途中で
(Because the -te form can't modify nouns, and 途中 performs as a noun.)
食事の途中 is what it expresses

The problem is on my explanation? Do I need to change the way I explain?

7)
The trend found in the research is not past.
 
2) I obviously had misunderstood that you meant for both words to modify 帰った separately. But I guess one can't plan for such misunderstandings ^^ I was so convinced in the beginning that 急用ができてとちゅうで form one block which modifies 帰った that I didn't even ask for further explanation. Knowing that -て form can't modify nouns probably will help me sorting such stuff out in the future!

7) Okay. I thought that since the research had already been conducted, using past tense when talking about its results would be appropriate. But I guess that's a very german lingual habit ^^
 
1) あなたの町では何曜日に燃えないごみを出すことになっていますか。
=> In your city, what days are set for bringing out non-inflammatory trash?

Does one make a difference between inflammatory and non-inflammatory trash in the waste disposal business in japan?
 
2) Jisho.org: Japanese Dictionary

I just encountered a case where 作る was represented through 造る.
Is there any semantical difference between the two, or ar the two forms completely synoymous?
 
A reporter interviews the chairman of a company here. This is her first question, his answer follows directly after this:
"社長は仕事のやり方について、ポリシーを持っていらっしゃると伺いましたが."
What function does と have here? Does it mark a conditional phrase here?
What does が do there? Never seen it at the end of the full sentence, only at the end of a subclause.
 
1)
Yes.

2)
造る #sentences - Jisho.org

The latter is used for relatively large constructions such like house, bridge, garden, car, or to make alcoholic beverages. Incidentally, 創る is for "to create (new organization, magazine, etc.)".

3)
と is for quotation, and が is for introducing the following (main) clauses, for instance 明日は休みですが、何か予定はあるんですか？ (Notice that this が is not an adversative conjunction "but"). In your example, it's used to request/prompt to answer, thus, the last half of the sentence ポリシーを持っていらっしゃると伺いましたが、そのポリシーをお聞かせいただけませんか is omitted. This omission can avoid sounding "pushy/rude" by requesting the answer directly, so it's often used in interviews or even in daily conversations.
 
thanks!

about 3)
Fehler - abload.de
I just uploaded the whole conversation for context, if needed.
if と is quotation, then we have reported speech here right?
I think I have some issues with this construction in this particular case, and also with うかがう which is troublesome for me because it has such a variety of meanings which differ strongly from each other in some cases.
a) Who is actually quoted? I guess it's a quote from the chairman, who hasn't said anything yet though. However, even if that's the case I wouldn't know how this quote is embedded into the sentence, since unfortunately I was only confronted with very archetypical usage of reported speech so far, like:
"わたなべさんは天ぷらがすきじゃないといいました。"
b) Since I don't know what to do with the quote, I also struggle to determine the meaning of 伺う here.

Overall I really have no clue what to do with this. I understood what the sentence wants to tell me contentwise, but I can't get through its grammar. I'm not even sure about the subject anymore, either it's the reporter who is the subject for うかがいました or it's the chairman, for who the reporter speaks here.

Here's an attempt at translation:
"Concerning the chairman, we were told concerning his way of working, that he holds a policy."

To use うかがう in passive mode felt so wrong, but ukagau - Jisho.org _seemed_ to offer the option and honestly, I didn't find any other way to make this a functioning sentence. It's all I can offer so far.

Btw. it seems to me that the reporter not just through the use of が in the end, but through the whole way of articulating this "question" tries to avoid adressing the chairman directly. Do I interprete this correctly or is there nothing special about the way the reporter asked?


btw. it seems like the whole sentence is built to address the chairman more indirectly, not just through が in the end, do interprete this correctly?
 
3) a)
Right. It's the president's words. He said it previously somewhere. You need to interpret that from this sentence. That's the reading comprehension you are required to understand Japanese language.

The structure of the sentence is quite the same as わたなべさんは天ぷらがすきじゃないといいました。. (This is also a hint of "b".)

b)
うかがうの英語・英訳 - goo辞書 英和和英

This time, try to choose the most appropriate one by yourself.

c)
My reply そのポリシーをお聞かせいただけませんか can't be an answer?
 
About 3)
c)
I just wanted to further inquire wether the remaining part of the sentence is also structured/articulated in a way that makes the question more indirect.

b) Okay, I tried to detect the meanings of 伺う in these contexts.
I found out the following:
1) to understand (from)
2) to be referred to
3) to take not of
4) to hear from

I would use "to hear from" here.
"Concerning the president, we have heard that concerning his way of working, he has/holds a policy."
 
4)
A general question:
verb+の and verb+こと both work as nominalizers.
Is there any functional difference between the two? Are there restrictions on the use of certain particles depending on which one of the two you chose, for example?
 
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