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Both are ungrammatical. It should be;彼は自転車が失くす。
彼の自転車は失くす。
The meanings are the same. The first and third sentences are talking about Tanaka, and the second is about his/her face.田中さんは顔が丸いです。
田中さんの顔は丸いです。
田中さんは丸い顔をしています。
Thank you. I forgot to use を for transitive verbs and が for intransitive verbs.彼は自転車を失くす。
彼の自転車が失くなる。
By the way, how would you interpret 彼の自転車は失くなる contrasting his bicycle with another?は works as the contrastive marker
it = the lost oneit's his bicycle, not other's bicycle or his other properties
It's more likely "focus/what the speaker wants to convey the most" rather than "emphasis".Is it possible to give me an example along those lines to demonstrate は being used for emphasising the predicate instead of contrasting.
Remember that the present form of action verbs usually can't express the present tense. 失くなる and 失くす are the future tense, or the present habit/repeated action there.自転車は失くなる。
Bicycle gets lost.
彼は失くなる。
He gets lost.
That's perfectly grammatical, but the meaning is "I/We will lose him."彼を失くす。
He loses himself.
Should 亡くなる and 亡くす be used when death is suggested? I had supposed 失くなる and 失くす are only for loss of something. And 無くなる and 無くす are for lack of something.失くなる and 失くす
I didn't know this. Thanks for the information. I had understood that non-past tense was for present and future action and 〜ている form for repeated and habitual actions.Remember that the present form of action verbs usually can't express the present tense.
I understand the subject if readily understood is often omitted. When the subject is not mentioned, can it be someone other than the speaker or the same group?"I/We will lose him."
That's right. I translated it as "to die" since I thought I would interpreted it as a miswriting of 亡くなる/亡くす if I really read that sentence. In fact, other interpretations don't make sense.Should 亡くなる and 亡くす be used when death is suggested?
There is no such difference in meaning. You can use 無くなる/無くす for both meanings. 失くなる/失くす is 常用外, by the way.I had supposed 失くなる and 失くす are only for loss of something. And 無くなる and 無くす are for lack of something.
It differs depending on the types of verbs (durative, punctual, state, etc.).I had understood that non-past tense was for present and future action and 〜ている form for repeated and habitual actions.
Yes, second or third person can be the subject if it's obvious from the context.I understand the subject if readily understood is often omitted. When the subject is not mentioned, can it be someone other than the speaker or the same group?
You don't mind and give me some examples of each type to illustrate the present form of action verbs that usually can't express the present tense. Thanks.It differs depending on the types of verbs (durative, punctual, state, etc.).
Are there many punctual verbs? Is 行く one of them? I just wonder if there is certain consistent way to interpret all punctual verbs in ~ている form. Do they always mean the action is done and is in the resultant state?present state: 彼は今、日本に来ている。
present habit: 彼はしょっちゅう日本に来る/来ている。
Yes, quite so many; 来る, 死ぬ, 結婚する, 着く, 届く, 消える, 咲く,,,.Are there many punctual verbs?
Yes.Is 行く one of them?
Mostly yes, but not always, as in the example しょっちゅう日本に来ている.I just wonder if there is certain consistent way to interpret all punctual verbs in ~ている form. Do they always mean the action is done and is in the resultant state?
Came, already arrived and is in Japan.Apparently it doesn't mean "coming". Does 来ている mean "came and arrived already"? Why wouldn't one say 彼は今、日本に着いた or the like instead if that is what one means?
Where the focus is on is different; the action "to come" vs the state "to be here".As to the one for the habit, what could be the difference in meaning between 来る and 来ている in that sentence?
It's named 第四種の動詞, i.e., literally meaning "the fourth type of verbs", by a famous linguist 金田一春彦 Kindaichi Haruhiko who analyzed the aspect of Japanese verbs by ~ている form for the first time.So the fourth type has no official term.
Thanks for your advice! I shall try my best.the ~ている form of verbs is a very fundamental concept learners must learn