In Parkinson's disease, the loss of brain nerve cells that produce dopamine causes limb tremors and difficulty in movement. There are about 250,000 Parkinson's patients in Japan, according to the health ministry. Drugs are used to suppress symptoms by replenishing dopamine in the brain. However, these medications become less effective over time and symptoms progress. Kyoto University started the investigator-initiated clinical trial in 2018. The researchers transformed human iPS cells into progenitor cells that will differentiate into dopamine-producing nerve cells. A total of 5 million to 10 million progenitor cells were transplanted into both sides of each patient's brain.