Scanning a passport and fingerprints and getting information about one's criminal record is not instantaneous. This is not the age of Star Trek. The answer would come back in a day or 2.
You are not supposed to be able to enter if you have a criminal record (especially a felony, while other lesser crimes may be exempt), but if you can doctor your passport and/or visa application, I suppose it's possible.
Oh, and one does not need to know Japanese language to live here. It's done all the time.