取られる / ときと / 次の情報 / がいんです

[eeky]

Hi,


1. 日本では市内通話も、電話した時間によって料金を取ら れる。

My translation: "In Japan, locals calls are charged according to their length."

a) I'm assuming that 取られる is the passive form of 取る, but how does 料金を取られる work grammatically? I am not very clear about how passive forms are used with objects. Is this an "indirect passive", meaning that the telephone company takes the money, and the person making the call is affected by this?

b) Sorry, I know I'm forever asking about も, and almost invariably the answer is that it means "too/also", but in this case "too/also" does not seem to fit the context since nothing else similar has been mentioned. (For example, the text has not been previously talking about other types of phone calls.) Are there any other possibilities for も here?


2. This is another similar example with ～をとられた:

この間、歯医者行ったら、念のためとか言われて、歯形 とレントゲンをとられた。

Whatever the answer to the previous question, does this one work in the same way?


3. 地域によって、保証金が敷金と礼金の合計の意味で使わ れるときと、敷金だけを表すときがあります。

Does ときと mean 時と, with と meaning "and"?

Is the basic structure of the sentence 地域によって、X時とY時があります?


4. A section of the textbook is laid out like this:

「日本住宅事情２」から次の情報を読みとってください 。

... series of questions ...

日本住宅事情２ (section heading)

... text ...

How should 「日本住宅事情２」から次の情報を読みとってください be interpreted? It would make sense if it said something like "Please answer the following questions using the information in the section 'Housing conditions in Japan: 2'", but I don't see how to make it mean that. I don't really understand what 次の情報 refers to, since the thing that follows is a bunch of questions, not any sort of information or data.


5. できれば駅から徒歩１５分以内のところがいんですけど 。

I assume this is a typo for ・・・がいいんですけど, right?

 

[Toritoribe]

1) a)
Yes, that's the passive.

きいた / だけ / 見られない / 凝らす / 山田さんは... | Japan Forum

b)
I'm afraid, that's also "too/also". Even if other types of phone calls are not mentioned previously, it's naturally interpreted as something like 市外通話同様市内通話も; "As same as toll calls, local calls also..."

2) 3)
Yes.

4)
How about to interpret 次の質問の回答となる情報を読みとる "read the information that are to be the answers to the following questions."

5)
Right.

 

[eeky]

Thanks Toritoribe.

1. Does the pattern "<object> を <passive verb>" always convey this same basic idea, or are there any substantially different meanings in different contexts? (I hope I have not asked this question before.)

4. That would make sense if it is a feasible interpretation of the Japanese. I suppose that から would then just indicate that the information was to be obtained from section 「日本住宅事情２」, would it? (I mean, it's not saying that you should read starting from section 「日本住宅事情２」 ... ?)

 

[Toritoribe]

1)
Not always so. In the indirect passive, what is called 持主受身 "possessor's passive" sometimes doesn't have negative meanings. See the example below. The subject of the sentence is the possessor of the object in the third sentence.
e.g.
non-passive
先生が彼の作品をほめた。

direct passive
彼の作品が先生にほめられた。

possessor's passive
彼は作品を先生にほめられた。

When the object is not a possession of the subject, that's always the passive of adversity.

彼はライバルの作品を先生にほめられた。
(This is disadvantageous for him = the subject.)

4)
That's right.

 

[eeky]

Thanks Toritoribe, those examples are very helpful.