という / にされ

[eeky]

Hi,

1.
いざ投票という時、彼は棄権した。
またしても、誰かに見られているという、奇妙な感じがしていた。

Sometimes I feel unsure about the purpose of という. In these examples, is it purely a grammatical linkage, or does it have any vestige of the literal meaning?

What is the difference between 投票という時 and 投票の時 (assuming the latter is good Japanese)?

2. そのとたん、ハリーは無理やり後ろ向きにされ、背中をその墓石に押しつけられた。

I'm sure this is a dumb question, but for some reason I also feel unsure about 後ろ向きにされ. Is this for 後ろ向きにされる, passive of 後ろ向きにする?

 

[Toritoribe]

1)
If you are talking about いう as "to say", the former is correct. いう doesn't have this meaning.

いざ is the key here. 投票という時 and いざ投票の時 both sound odd, since という is used for modifying clause in this meaning. (いざ投票 can be considered the omitted version of いざ投票する/しなければならない.)
koto & to iu in "to iu koto", "to iu imi", "to iu no wa" etc | Japan Forum

2)
Yes.

 

[eeky]

a) Thanks, so this という originates from the literal と言う, but has become "grammaticalised" and lost any sense of the literal 言う, is that right?

b) When this "grammatical" という follows what appears to be a noun, is there always an implied verb like in your いざ投票する/しなければならない?

 

[Toritoribe]

a)
Yes.

b)
Not always. There also is a structure "noun A という noun B".
koto & to iu in "to iu koto", "to iu imi", "to iu no wa" etc | Japan Forum