Some question on grammar (N3)

[Andromedashun]

1/ ''If the practice is painful that make you cry, it's better to stop''.

3/ ''My hometown is that town which only passed its young time''.

過ごした modifies あの町 isn't it?

 

[Toritoribe]

Yes, but the subject of 過ごした is the speaker/writer "I".
私にとっての故郷 is not 私の故郷.

 

[Elizabeth]

3/私にとっての故郷とは、青春時代を過ごしたあの町しか ない。

I have a question on this sentence. Does the use of しかない sound like there is no place better than ones hometown ?

 

[Toritoribe]

No. しかない doesn't mean "better than" here.

 

[Andromedashun]

1/明治時代に於ける学校教育について研究したい。

I want to study about school education among Meiji's period.

I understand that's what it means but why is 於ける instead of 於いて? Maybe because 明治時代 belong to 学校教育?

2/女性のほうが男性に比べ平均寿命の長い国が多い。

This basically means: There are alot of countries where women are consider live longer than men.

The same as above, why is に比べて drop the て here?

3/パンコンで環境問題に関する記事を検索した。

I looked up an article about environment with a computer.

Is に関する is a part of 環境問題に関する which modifies 記事?

 

[Toritoribe]

1)
於ける is the adonominal/attributive form, thus, 明治時代に於ける modifies 学校教育. If you use 於いて, it modifies 研究したい, i.e., it means "I want to study in Meiji period ".

2)
That's the continuous usage of the -masu stem of a verb.

3)
Yes.

 

[Elizabeth]

1)
於ける is the adonominal/attributive form, thus, 明治時代に於ける modifies 学校教育. If you use 於いて, it modifies 研究したい, i.e., it means "I want to study in Meiji period".

To foreign ears 於ける seems contradictory and inappropriately formal for personal activities like this sentence. But it is used often to talk about historical periods or fields of study so I suppose that is why it is there.

 

[Andromedashun]

1/成績のいい山田さんでも半分しかできなかったということは、その試験は相当難しかったに違いない。

As for this test that even a person hold a good test's result like Mr Yamada can only do half of it, I'm sure that it is extremely difficult. (correct?)

2/あなたにとって仕事とは何でしょうか？

What is job mean to you?

私にとっての故郷 is not 私の故郷.

Is there any link between these?

3/１８歳人口の減少にしたがい、留学生の入学に熱心な大学が増えた。

I don't really understand this and what's the particle に doing here? Is it for purpose?

As the 18 ages citizens decrease, the warm-up universities for the entry of the overseas students grow up.

4/この苦しさから逃れるには、ただ時が過ぎるのを待つよりないだろう。

This one is a complex feeling.

The only way to escape from this misery seem to be wait until ''that'' moment has passed. (correct?)

By the way, what is the different between 過ぎる and 過ごす? Another transitive/intransitive pair here?

 

[Toritoribe]

1)
～ということは means "judging from (a fact that)~" here.

2)
In the point that にとって is used, yes.

3)
Which に are you talking about?
Look up 熱心（な） in a dictionary.

4)
時 just means "time".

As for 過ごす[sugosu] and 過ぎる[sugiru], yes, they are a transitive-intransitive pair, as same as 起こす[okosu] - 起きる[okiru], 降ろす[orosu] - 降りる[oriru], 滅ぼす[horobosu] - 滅びる[horobiru].

 

[Andromedashun]

Which に are you talking about?
Look up 熱心（な） in a dictionary.

The second one, not にしたがい.

熱心な express a person's feeling? I thought it modifies 大学? So what does the second phrase mean?

I think it would make sense if it's 大学生 (大学 would be an abbreviate of 大学の学生 in this case). However my knowledge is limited so I'm not sure.

 

[Toritoribe]

How do you translate この大学は留学生の入学に熱心だ?

 

[Andromedashun]

This university is earnest to the entry of overseas students.(?)

 

[Toritoribe]

Yes. 留学生の入学に熱心な is an adnominal clause which is modifying 大学.

この大学は留学生の入学に熱心だ。
This university is earnest in enrolling foreign students.

留学生の入学に熱心な大学
universities that are earnest in enrolling foreign students