How do you know... ON/KUN and beyond

[Glenn]

(Sorry, Glenn-san. I didn't read the final post in this thread until now.)

No problem. I had forgotten about that post anyway. All this talk about ちゅう vs. なか reminded me of that thread, too. I think I'm going to go back over it, because I'm pretty sure I couldn't explain any of that if I had to. Thanks for your help here, too. I was struggling to come up with good examples to illustrate this point.

 

[Putrefaction]

Alright well I read it...it is confusing and it will take practice but I'm confident I may get it...way later...

Anyways I'm going to review Ch 4 of Genki and maybe start Ch 5!
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I knew what I was going to ask you! Glenn san you mentioned nuance differences between ga and wa. Can you explain further?

Also I can't help but feel that most of my questions belong in Grammar & Sentences, is it OK if I continue it in here? No point in making a new thread right?
--
I didn't know you can use wa and ga arimasu in the same sentence...
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Just started i and na modifiers / adjectives! Aaaah...confusing.

 

[Glenn]

Making new threads would make cataloging the questions into topics easier. If a thread gets too long and has too many different questions in it it becomes a pain to go back and find the answers you got (e.g., Need a word or phrase translated?).

In short about は and が:

は -- 1) marks old, known information and puts focus on what comes after it as being new information and the focal point, and 2) is the contrastive marker, and marks something that is being contrasted with something else.

が -- 1) marks new, previously unkown information and is a neutral sort of factual way to mark subjects, and 2) marks something as being the focal point and puts emphasis on what comes before it (generally marks the word that answered the question that was either asked or implied).

I'm not sure if you will come up with much if you try searching the forum with its search function for the threads that dealt with this topic, but you could try doing a Google search specifying this site (wa and ga site:www.jref.com/forum or は and が site:www.jref.com/forum, for instance). There's a lot to go through, so good luck!

 

[Putrefaction]

Cool, thanks. I just had another quick question.

Anata no machi ni nihon no resutoran ga arimasu ka?
I translated this as:
Your town Japanese restaurant is there/have? ->Is there/Do you have a Japanese restaurant in your town?
So is this a yes/no question? ☝

 

[Glenn]

Yes.

--------------------------------------------

 

[Putrefaction]

Oh awesome. I was like ...how do I respond besides a simple iie/hai.

Anata no ie ni nani ga arimasu ka?
Your house what have/there is? This one makes less sense to me. (Though you will be happy to know that I have no questions on Ni, as I now know that with ga arimasu it marks location and not de! Thanks again btw for being patient).

Do you have Japanese students at your school?

 

[Toritoribe]

how do I respond besides a simple iie/hai.

窶堙坂?堋｢ﾂ、窶堋?窶堙ｨ窶堙懌?堋ｷﾂ。/窶堋｢窶堋｢窶堋ｦﾂ、窶堋?窶堙ｨ窶堙懌?堋ｹ窶堙ｱﾂ。

Anata no ie ni nani ga arimasu ka?
Your house what have/there is? This one makes less sense to me.

窶ｰﾂｽ is an interrogative in this sentence.
What is in your house?/What do you have in your house?

Do you have Japanese students at your school?

 

[Putrefaction]

Pfft I shoulda put that last one together, haha, I was like 99% of the way there. Thanks Toritoribe!
I found this in the refrigerator. Don't ask me why it's there.

ootofookasukameranisai/motto---? (Auto Focus Camera Most ...)
obaitoku (okaeru?) / (something)teihin (something about best value? I recognize the kanji for buy and profit/gain, the latter are decide and goods?)
Kando (Feeling Time/Degree) 200?
--
If I wanted to say yesterday was Sunday:
Kino wa nichiyobi deshita.

 

[Putrefaction]

For some reason it won't let me edit, so...is lie, "sago"? I just learned the word for lie through Wikipedia and I figured the end of it would be "go", word/speech.

 

[Toritoribe]

オートフォーカスカメラに最適[saiteki]
the most suitable for auto focus camera

お買得[kaidoku]/限定品[gentei hin]
resonable prise/limited products

感度[kando] 200
film speed/ISO speed

I recognize the kanji for buy and profit/gain,

Right. profit to buy → resonable

If I wanted to say yesterday was Sunday:
Kino wa nichiyobi deshita.

Kinou wa nichiyoubi deshita./Kinô wa nichiyôbi deshita.

For some reason it won't let me edit, so...is lie, "sago"? I just learned the word for lie through Wikipedia and I figured the end of it would be "go", word/speech.

Would it be 虚言[kyogen]?

 

[Putrefaction]

Damn it, I still can't get the extra vowels right!

Can you explain how お買得 = okaidoku? I understand how toku->doku but I'm not on this okai...there's no i after the 買, is it the o before it which seals the deal? This one confused me. I'm glad to see I got most of the others right.

Kyogen sounds right, I was thinking the go

 

[Toritoribe]

It's a custum to omit 送り仮名[okurigana] in a kind of kun-reading compounds.

Okurigana - Wikipedia

While the Japanese Ministry of Education prescribes rules on how to use okurigana, in practice there is much variation, particularly in older texts and online. As an example, the standard spelling of the word kuregata is 暮れ方, but it will sometimes be seen as 暮方.

お買得 is also written as お買い得. Does this make sense?;-)

 

[Putrefaction]

Makes sense now. Thanks!

 

[Glenn]

And I thought you were going for 詐語 (not a word, by the way). Normally "lie" is 嘘 (うそ), by the way.

 

[Putrefaction]

^ Actually that's 99% of what I was going for, 語 not the right half, just the left half (if you remember, that one image i had problems with because the first line was vertical not horizontal). The symbol 詐, doesn't it mean lie, by itself? word-make makes sense to me as a lie!

 

[Glenn]

Yeah, it's along those lines, but it isn't used on its own that I've ever seen. It's used in 詐欺, "fraud." Come to think of it that's the only word I can think of with that character.

...and I just checked the dictionary, and saw that sure enough, it can be used to write いつわり/いつわる. I think most commonly 偽 is used, though.

 

[Putrefaction]

Oh cool, thanks.

I'm doing i and na adjectives...whoever came up with the i ones...:| why would you do that!

Can you explain your last post's last line? I'm not sure what that means.

Also, how can you have wa and ga (ar)imasu in the same sentence? I thought it wasn't allowed.

 

[Putrefaction]

Anyone want to answer my last question? Thanks!

Also to make sure I have it down: koko ni kissaten ga arimasen. This sound right?

--
I just went to the English board and I saw this:

英語か他の言語を習いたい日本人はここで質問できます

Here is my first attempt at doing all the extra vowels and stuff!

Eiga ka ta no gongo o naraitai nihonjin wa koko de shitsumon de kimasu.
English Language (particle?) other's word learn(tense) Japanese here (location marker) quality question (another locatoin marker? Or is it part of the verb: -> ) come.

Another attempt:

yu便kyoku de tegami o 送rimasu (Sorry....) Post office (location marker) letter send.

This is a wild guess, but if I wanted to say "red and white blood cell", could I use 赤 to 白血...部 or 分? Or something completely different, I bet...I was just doing some Kanji and thoght of this.

 

[nekojita]

eigo ka hoka no gongo o naritai nihonjin wa koko de shitsumon dekimasu
and here 'ka' acts something like 'or'.

Close on the blood cells - the words are 白血球 and 赤血球

 

[Toritoribe]

Can you explain your last post's last line?

Glenn-san wrote "Although 偽る is most common for いつわる, 詐る can be read いつわる, too."

Also, how can you have wa and ga (ar)imasu in the same sentence?

You can use ～は…があります/います structure especially with some particles には, では, へは, とは, or like that.

あそこにはマクドナルドがあります。
彼[かれ]の家[いえ]には猫[ねこ]が三匹[さんびき]います。

Also to make sure I have it down: koko ni kissaten ga arimasen. This sound right?

That sounds odd.

ここには喫茶店[きっさてん]がありません。
ここには喫茶店はありません。
ここに喫茶店はありません。

They each have different nuances, though.

英語か他の言語を習いたい日本人はここで質問できます

Here is my first attempt at doing all the extra vowels and stuff!

Eiga ka ta no gongo o naraitai nihonjin wa koko de shitsumon de kimasu.
English Language (particle?) other's word learn(tense) Japanese here (location marker) quality question (another locatoin marker? Or is it part of the verb: -> ) come.

他の言語[gengo]: "other languages"
習いたい: not a tense but a mood of the verb 習う, "to want to learn"
質問できます*: "to be able to ask"
(*質 in 質問 is not from a noun "quality," but from a verb 質[ただ]す "to ask.")
The compound 質問 is a suru-verb noun.
質問: a noun "question"
質問する: a verb "to ask"
質問できる: the potential form of 質問する

I think you'd better to understand the concept of 熟語[じゅくご] "compounds.";-)

This is a wild guess, but if I wanted to say "red and white blood cell", could I use 赤 to 白血...部 or 分? Or something completely different, I bet...I was just doing some Kanji and thoght of this.

As nekojita-san wrote, that's 赤血球と白血球. You can't use 赤と白血球. That means "red (color) and white blood cell."

You might be able to understand the meaning of 赤血球[せっけっきゅう] from the kanji "red blood ball." However, you rarely can't MAKE the Japanese word from the English equivalent "red blood cell," even if you know that cell is 細胞[さいぼう.] (Almost) All of things already have their own names. You have to refer to dictionaries.;-)

 

[Putrefaction]

Cool, thank you so much! I haven't gotten to any of the suru verb conjugations and stuff. I did learn now that ka means or! And thank you once again for red blood cell. I figured that "red blood part" would indicate blood cell...I learned something else and new about the Japanese sentence system! Thanks again!

 

[Putrefaction]

Uh...I can't edit my post. Sorry for this, I was going to combine them! Prepare for a lot of pictures, a lot of guessing, and a lot of mistakes.

General Idea: That sound just now?
Japanese: ima no oto wa?

General Idea: Facing Lindblum's Direction
Japanese: Rindoburumu homen e no

General Idea: Cinna is going in Lindblum's direction.
Japenes: Shina san wa rindoborumu homen ikissu (I'm not sure what this is, it's a tense).

General Idea: Markus is also going to Treno.
Japanese: Maakasu mo toreno ni ikunone. (Tense, I think?)

General Idea: My friends, let's go.
Japanese: Watashitachi mo ikimasho (I know this one, it means let's go).

General Idea: Why did Marcus go to Treno?
Japanese: Doushite maakasu wa toreno ni (I'm going to assume I forgot to put in the iku part.)

General Idea: Brother rescue.
Japanese: Aniki o tasukerotamessu (that tense again!)

General Idea: Why then is Cinna...
Japanese: Sore ja shina wa doushite

General Idea: W...what (thing) is it?
Japanese: Na...nanimono de aru ka?


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Like I said before the only reason I am playing a game is to enhance my ability to read hiragana and katakana, as well as Kanji at a decent speed.

 

[Amigo]

General Idea: Brother rescue.
Japanese: Aniki o tasukerotamessu (that tense again!)

As far as I know the ending っス is an auxiliar informal or colloquial form of です

What I don't know is why the last SU is written in KATAKANA.

 

[Putrefaction]

You and I are both in the same...fune. lol!

 

[epigene]

As far as I know the ending 窶堙?湛 is an auxiliar informal or colloquial form of 窶堙??堋ｷ
What I don't know is why the last SU is written in KATAKANA.

You're right. The only reason for using katakana for 窶堙≫?堋ｷ is emphasis.

BTW, this is not only informal but also a guy thing, used especially by jocks, sumo wrestlers and small-fry yakuza... (AFAIK!)