Originally posted by thomas
Thanks for your contribution, Larry. I have found an unofficial statement by the First Secretary of the Japanese Embassy in Washington, replying to a fax sent to the embassy. His views express more or less Japan's official standpoint. It is posted at
Embassies of Japan and dated January 12, 2000.
Dear Sir/Madam:
Recently we received your fax regarding Japanese research on minke whales. We appreciate your interest in this issue and we are open to discussion. However, we would face certain difficulties if your opinion is based on some inaccurate information.
Whaling is no longer an issue of species conservation as was the situation in the 1970's, when several whale species had been over-harvested and effective measures to protect the endangered species were awaited. The International Whaling Commission (IWC) in the mid-1970's successfully provided protection for such endangered whale species, and Japan appreciates this effort. However, since the 1980's the situation has changed as non-endangered whale species also became protected by the IWC, despite the fact that the IWC Scientific Committee had calculated that some whale species were quite abundant. Scientists also calculated that the global whale population (79 species) consumes 280-500 million metric tons of fish and crustacea every year. This amount is 3-6 times as much as the annual world fishery production, which is around 90 million metric tons. The ecological relevance of the current protection on abundant species should be reviewed under this situation.
Please note that any form of resource use contains a certain level of cost and risk to the environment. For example, an increased production of crops could result in further reduction of natural forests. Cattle raising consumes more fossil energy than whale hunting while producing the same amount of protein. Under these circumstances, it is not productive to attack one activity by citing particular risk or cost to the environment. Rather, we should assess the wide variety of risks and costs associated with various activities, compare them each other, and choose the optimum way to balance the human activities.
Japanese research on minke whales in the Antarctic, which was mentioned in your fax, is one of such risk assessment studies. The current population of Antarctic minke whales is estimated to be 760,000 animals. Scientists believe that this population has rapidly increased for the last half century by replacing the ecological vacuum created by the removal of larger whales (i.e., blue whales) due to rampant whaling several decades ago. The research is designed to unveil such population dynamics and ecological roles of this species. It involves an annual sampling of 440 minke whales. This is the lowest possible number of samples to derive statistically meaningful results from the research.
I recognized that your information contains some inaccuracies on specific points of this research. The following are the correct understandings of the situation.
- The IWC has never concluded that this research does not address any critically important research needs. This research is annually reviewed by the IWC Scientific Committee, which consists of over one hundred (100) scientists from around the world. Its report, along with the previously obtained research results, are open to the public through the IWC office.
- The IWC has never stated that non-lethal means can replace our research. We have intensive discussions on this issue at the IWC, and Japan continuously makes an effort to develop new research measures. But non-lethal means are yet to be established for obtaining the data on whale age, maturity status, or prey-predator relationship.
- The research activity does not violate any provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea nor those of the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling. No disputes have ever been brought to any international judicial forum to challenge this point.
- The IWC established the Southern Ocean Sanctuary in 1994, but it does not apply to research activities. The IWC passes a resolution every year that requests Japan to refrain from conducting the research, but such resolutions are non-binding and are in direct conflict with the legally binding provisions of International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling which permits the research. Moreover, Japan believes that neither the Sanctuary nor the resolutions reflect the discussions of the Scientific Committee of the IWC.
- The by-product of the research (i.e. whale meat) is sold in the market, but it does not create any profit. A non-profit research institute, which carries out this research, sells the by-product to cover a portion of its research cost. The rest of the cost is covered by government subsidy. Please note that the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling requests that by-products from research be fully utilized so far as is practicable.
For more information, visit Institute of Cetacean Research in Tokyo, Japan and the IWC Office in Cambridge, UK at [DLMURL]http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/iwcoffice.[/DLMURL]
Again, I appreciate your interest in whales and the environment. The environment is a high priority in Japan and, in fact, our government spends $800 billion annually for environmental conservation programs. This amount well exceeds those of major European countries and we are proud of our commitment. In the same token, we believe that a limited harvest of non-endangered whales can be consistent with the conservation and sustainable use of the resources on earth. We all agree that the past mismanagement of whales should not be repeated in the future and, therefore, the data from research is indispensable. If I can be of further help on this issue, do not hesitate to contact me again.
Sincerely yours,
Nobuyuki Yagi
First Secretary