Are you asking if you can hand carry into the cabin or put it in your checked baggage? Don't know about the first case, but you can certainly have it be checked baggage. Airlines charge extra if it's over 62 linear inches (height+length+width), which your keyboard is. So expect to pay a fee (probably around 7500-15000 Yen) if checked. Because of the size, if you tried to bring it in the cabin they'd probably try to charge you an extra seat to fly it. Checked would certainly be cheaper.
FYI, I have flown to/from Japan many times with my bicycle. Never had a problem with it in terms of damage. It's a $4000+ bike, and I don't ever worry about damage.