Society Japanese north–south gradient in IQ predicts differences in stature, skin color, income, and homicide rate

• In Japan, there is IQ gradient from north to south.
• Stature and average income cline is also from north to south.
• Homicide rates increase from north to south.
• Fertility rates and suicide rates decrease from north to south.
• Infant mortality is not correlated with latitude.

thomas said:

Interesting. Are there any comparative studies in other countries?

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mdchachi said:

The synopsis indicates this research was triggered by similar research in Europe with similar results.

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Researchers analyzed statistics on about 8 million people between the ages of 30 and 79 by linking the national population census and death records from the government's vital statistics. They estimated age-adjusted death rates, which are corrected for population distribution bias, for three categories: graduates of university or higher education, high school graduates and junior high school graduates. By cause-specific death rates, differences between graduates of university or higher education and those with less education were particularly large for cerebral vascular diseases, lung cancer, ischemic heart diseases and gastric cancer, according to the study. The research team said educational inequalities in mortality tend to be smaller than in the United States and Europe. In the United States, for example, male death rates from cancer among high school graduates are about 2.3 times of those among graduates of university and higher education, compared with about 1.1 times in Japan.

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research on the subject has shown that there is a small but statistically significant positive correlation between height and intelligence after controlling for socioeconomic class and parental education.

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An individual's taller stature has been attributed to higher economic status, which often translates to a higher quality of nutrition. This correlation, however, can be inverted to characterize one's socioeconomic status as a consequence of stature, where shorter stature can attract discrimination that affects many factors, among them employment, and treatment by educators.[2] One such theory argues that since height strongly correlates with white and gray matter volume, it may act as a biomarker for cerebral development which itself mediates intelligence.[3] Competing explanations include that certain genetic factors may influence both height and intelligence,[4][5] or that both height and intelligence may be affected in similar ways by adverse environmental exposures during development. Measurements of the total surface area and mean thickness of the cortical grey matter using a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed that the height of individuals had a positive correlation with the total cortical surface area. This supports the idea that genes that influence height also influence total surface area of the brain, which in turn influences intelligence, resulting in the correlation.[6]

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Results
There were 6872 participants aged ⩾16 years included in this study. The prevalence of violence perpetration decreased linearly with increasing IQ [16.3% (IQ 70–79) v. 2.9% (IQ 120–129)]. After adjusting for demographic and behavioral factors, childhood adversity, and psychiatric morbidity, compared with those with IQ 120–129, IQ scores of 110–119, 100–109, 90–99, 80–89, and 70–79 were associated with 1.07 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.63–1.84], 1.90 (95% CI 1.12–3.22), 1.80 (95% CI 1.05–3.13), 2.36 (95% CI 1.32–4.22), and 2.25 (95% CI 1.26–4.01) times higher odds for violence perpetration, respectively.
Conclusions
Lower IQ was associated with violence perpetration in the UK general population.

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Highlights

• Examined a total birth cohort of Finnish males born in 1987
• Lower levels of intelligence are associated with greater levels of offending.
• The IQ-offending association is mostly linear.
• Pattern is consistent across multiple measures of intelligence and offending.

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there is a wider consensus that individuals with below average functioning (in particular cognitive impairments) are disproportionately represented within the prison population.

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there is evidence that lower IQ is associated with delinquency which can naturally set younger individuals on a different life course (Lynam, Moffitt, & Stouthamer-Loeber, Citation1993). At the very least, it is noteworthy that a significant amount of literature has found delinquent boys have lower levels of functioning intelligence (Culberton, Ferel, & Gabby, Citation1989; Moffitt, Gabrielli, & Mednick, Citation1981).

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A body of research has also demonstrated that individuals with lower IQ levels are more likely to commit more severe (and violent) offences (Crocker & Hodgins, Citation1997; Hayes & McIIwain, Citation1988; Martell, Citation1991). Additionally, evidence exists which demonstrates that criminal offenders have lower IQ's than non-offenders (Feldman, Citation1993; Herrnstein & Murray, Citation1994; Wilson & Herrnstein, Citation1985). In fact, a large body of early research found clear links between lower intelligence and criminal behaviour (Hischi & Hindelang, Citation1977; McGarvey, Gabrielli, Bentler, & Mednick, Citation1981; Culberton et al., Citation1989). This may be because of deficits in the "executive functions" of the brain, which are thought to be associated with abstract reasoning and concept formation, as well as sustaining attention and concentration (Moffitt, Citation1990). Alternatively, it may be expected that individuals with lower intelligence are more vulnerable to engage in reactive-based offences, as they have a reduced capacity to comprehend as well as communicate effectively, particularly to possible interpersonal threats (Welte & Wieczorek, Citation1999).

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bentenmusume said:

I apologize if I'm misrepresenting your words, but before you get "angry" at me, please revisit this thread:

Do Japanese have smaller heads than Caucasians?

I guess everybody has noticed the differences in skull shape and facial traits between Caucasians and Japanese (or Mongolids, shall we say) or more generally between any ethnic group. Japanese never fail to notice that their Caucasian friends have "deeper eyes" or "taller noses", for instance...

jref.com

(I used to go by the username "jt_", but I asked thomas to change it for me a while back as it overlapped with a user who I felt was an incredibly abusive and toxic presence here.)

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bentenmusume said:

@thomas -- Could I ask you to delete all my above comments?

As you know, I was in a bad place last night and nothing I wrote above reflects my actual feelings toward Maciamo.

@Maciamo -- I fully understand if you do not accept this apology, but I sincerely regret the gratuitous and hurtful words I directed at you yesterday.

I've been suffering from serious mental health issues lately and am often incapable of doing much but spouting vitriol -- alternately at others and at myself. I have been trying to stay off the internet for my own sake and for others, but sometimes I give in and the results are ugly.

I sincerely apologize and will do my best to ensure that it does not happen again.

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