Did Fukuoka Castle Have a Keep? Excavation to Begin This Year to Resolve the Mystery
January 8, 2025
Efforts to rekindle momentum for the restoration of Fukuoka Castle's keep, driven by the business community, are gaining traction. Fukuoka City has announced its plan to conduct the first-ever excavation of the castle's keep base this year, aiming to resolve the long-standing debate: Did the castle ever have a keep?
A National Historic Site Built by Kuroda Nagamasa
Miyuki Shimohama, RKB Reporter
"From the keep base of Fukuoka Castle, which offers a panoramic view of the city, we may finally find out whether the castle had a keep. Excavation is planned for this year."
Fukuoka Castle, a national historic site, was constructed over seven years starting in 1601 by Kuroda Nagamasa, the first lord of the Fukuoka domain. Today, only the stone foundation of the keep remains, with no evidence of the keep itself.
Soichiro Takashima, Mayor of Fukuoka City
"We are currently coordinating with the Agency for Cultural Affairs to conduct on-site investigations for the first time. We hope to gain some clarity on whether the keep existed or not."
While historical records suggest the possibility of a keep, no definitive drawings or plans have been discovered. Fukuoka City plans to settle the debate through this year's excavation.
Experts Say "There Was a Keep"
Among experts, the prevailing view is that Fukuoka Castle had a keep. Extensive research has been conducted to substantiate this theory.
Masahiko Sato, Professor Emeritus, Kyushu Sangyo University
"The keep of Fukuoka Castle was likely about the same size as that of
Himeji Castle."
Professor Sato, a specialist in architectural history, created a conceptual drawing of Fukuoka Castle's keep. He estimates the structure to have been approximately 26 meters tall, with a five-story, six-level design, including one underground floor. The base of the keep measures roughly 23 by 21 meters, and its design was informed by historical architectural documents.
A "Dark Appearance" for the Keep Walls
Professor Sato speculates that the walls of the keep had a dark appearance. He draws comparisons to
Matsumoto Castle, whose black lower walls contrast with white plasterwork under the eaves.
Supporting evidence for this theory comes from the "Tamonyagura," the only nationally designated Important Cultural Property remaining from the Edo period at Fukuoka Castle. Professor Sato believes the keep would have had a similar dark, imposing appearance.
A Letter Suggesting the Keep Was Built
The Fukuoka City Museum recently uncovered new evidence supporting the existence of a keep. Among rediscovered historical documents is a letter exchanged between Kuroda retainers that explicitly states, "The keep was built."
Hideo Takayama, Fukuoka City Museum
"The letter clearly mentions the construction of the keep, strengthening the argument that it did exist."
Push for Restoration by the Business Community
The business community, bolstered by these findings, is advocating for the keep's restoration. Historically, the Agency for Cultural Affairs required precise documentation such as drawings or photographs for approval. However, a 2020 policy change relaxed these criteria, allowing "restorative construction" even if certain structural details remain unclear, provided they are disclosed.
A council led by the Fukuoka Chamber of Commerce has concluded that the keep existed, was built during the Edo period, and was later dismantled. They plan to recommend swift progress on its restoration to Mayor Takashima this month.
Hiromichi Tanikawa, Advisor, Council on Restoring Fukuoka Castle's Keep
"Over time, the restored keep would gain cultural significance, fostering local pride and love for the region, which are essential for city-building efforts."
Yasunari Maruyama, Professor Emeritus, Kyushu University
"When dismantling a keep, roof tiles and timber were often discarded nearby. Excavations around the foundation could reveal such artifacts."
Challenges Remain for Restoration
The Agency for Cultural Affairs, however, has expressed caution, stating that "there is insufficient historical evidence to support restoration," and even if restorative construction were considered, "the current foundation may not support the structure."
As interest in Fukuoka Castle intensifies this year, will a breakthrough discovery pave the way for its restoration? Only time will tell.