What was your reason for doing this in English and Japanese? To my knowledge, food allergies aren't very common amongst the Japanese population, so this kind of product would be most useful for non-Japanese speaking foreigners eating out in Japan. Hence, you're best bet is to team up with a Japanese speaker or learner from your school, to ensure you're communicating effectively. Your target audience is both the people with allergies, and the people to whom they're trying to explain their dietary restrictions. Will your cards be bilingual?
As a design critique, I would ask you to ask yourself why you've made the cards look the way they do. At a glance, I saw bars and gold medals, and immediately thought of the Olympics; All three medals use the same color and icon; why is that? Why are the bars different lengths? Are you trying to communicate something through that, or was it just to prevent the medals from touching? To me, different length bars indicate progress, or in this context, maybe indicates your sensitivity to the ingredient? This probably isn't the case, but I'm trying to show how people may interpret your design. No decision is arbitrary--there should be a valid reason for everything you do. If you can logically explain why you made things one way or another, the end product will always benefit and become a stronger solution.
Have you done much research/analysis of similar projects? The cards Toritoribe-san linked to are great examples, take a look at them and try to analyze them with an objective eye: are they communicating effectively? Even if you don't understand the text, do you still understand the cards? What design elements did they employ to ensure effective communication? Where have they fallen short? What can be improved upon? I'm not saying you should copy them, but you should have the ability to break down the strengths and weaknesses of similar projects and incorporate that knowledge into your own work.
The first step to solving any design problem is understanding the problem.