I've made some corrections to typos/errors.
Current Medical Condition (or "State of Illness")
"Position" makes it sound like you're talking about a job.
病状 is referring to the medical condition of someone with a known illness.
Yes, that's basically what it means.
Current capability/ability to drive and the prospect/chances that said ability may improve.
Yes, this is just a fragment of a phrase meaning "opinion about [something]". It has to be connected to something else to make sense.
I don't know what you mean by this. It's not a "statement".
It's three independent fragments, the first two of which sound like category headers on a form about someone's medical condition and how it affects (or doesn't affect) their driving ability, and the third which just means "Opinion regarding..." (perhaps opinion regarding the status categories above?)