I think you can know it culturally. If an American says (in English) their major is history, the truth is it's actually Western history, as opposed to world history or Asian history, etc. Don't you think so? In that case, wouldn't the same be true for Japanese as well?
Japanese usually clarify by saying 日本史 or 世界史 so I share the OP's question about the translation involving some 思い込み or 決めつけ. It should have been just "history".
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