Hi,
1.
このホテルではどんな朝食が食べられますか。
朝食は何階で食べられますか。
Is 食べられます potential form in both these sentences?
2. この前の娘は口述内容を筆記するのも無理だった。速記なんて論外さ。
Translation given: "That girl couldn't take things down in longhand, let alone shorthand."
Does この前の娘 mean "the previous girl" in the sense of a girl who used to work here but was replaced by someone else?
3. 私は彼女よりずっと年上で、もう何年も会社にいる後輩です。
I get "I am much older than her...", but can't decipher the rest of it. I know it's something about being a junior at work, but I have no clue what もう何年も会社 means.
(Edited) ... Oh, could it mean something like "I have now been her junior at work for many years"?
4. The author has been explaining how traditional Japanese houses have removable ふすま and しょうじ to allow ventilation in the hot and humid season, but that modern rooms are increasingly built in concrete, and require air conditioning. Then:
そして、それは二酸化炭素とともにヒートアイランド現象という「温暖化」の原因の一つとなっているのである。
I am trying to interpret the core structure as それは~となっているのである, meaning that modern construction methods have become ~.
I understand that 二酸化炭素とともにヒートアイランド現象 means "carbon dioxide, along with the 'heat island' phenomenon", and that 「温暖化」の原因の一つ means "one of the causes of global warming", but I do not understand how という links all this together.