水先案内人 / だろう / 人たがいる / しては

Hello,


1. 水先案内人は船を港に誘導する。

Translation given: "A pilot guides the ship toward the port."

I translated this as "Pilots guide ships towards port", i.e. as a general description of the job of pilots. I assume my translation is also possible?


2. 生産力が落ちた。従って労働者のボーナスも少なくなるだろう。

Translation given: "Productivity has fallen. Accordingly, workers' bonuses will be reduced."

I have asked here before about the degree of doubt or certainty implied by だろう/でしょう, and, as I recall, it is to be inferred from the context. So, in this case, is the translation to definite "will" correct? How would the meaning change if だろう was deleted?

I am still slightly put off by the fact that dictionary and textbook definitions always seem to explain だろう as "I think/suppose/guess (that)", or "I hope (that)", or something similar. If だろう can mean definite "will", then why do these definitions not include that meaning?


3. まだ至るところで安心して空を見られない人たがいるの であろうと思う。

Translation given: "But there are people in many places who still can't gaze upwards at the sky with peace in their hearts."

Is 人たがいる a typo for 人たちがいる?


4. 戦争は、絶対にしてはならないと改めて思う。

Translation given: "As if never before, I began to realise how absolutely important it is that war never occurs."

I understand that 絶対に means "absolutely", and I assume ならない means something like "(must) never arise", but I can't quite see what しては is doing in there. Maybe 絶対にして(は) is all one set expression?

1)
Yes. More likely, your interpretation is more common.

2)

(3)〔推量の助動詞を用いて〕

3時に帰って来るだろう
He will come [be] back at three.
もし晴れていたらピクニックに行っていただろう
If it had been good weather, we would have gone on a picnic.
きっとそれを見たのだろう
He must have seen it.
忘れたはずはないだろう
He can't have forgotten (it).

Click to expand...

だろう - 和英辞書 - goo辞書

【推量】（2）推量を示す助動詞とともに（でしょう）will;（ちがいない）must;（かもしれない）may;（はずがない）can't.

あしたはたぶん晴れるだろう
It will probably [It's probably going to] be nice weather tomorrow.（※willは確信を持った推量を表わす.天候は通例確信を持った推量は不可能なのでprobablyを添える方が自然. be going toは現在の状況から判断した推量を表わし,話し手の意志ではどうにもならないことを暗示する）

正午にはニューヨークに着くだろう
We'll get to [be in] New York at noon.

明日の今ごろにはこの仕事を終えているだろう
I'll have finished this work [主に米 have this work finished] by this time tomorrow.（※未来完了の表現）

Click to expand...

だろう - 和英辞書 - Yahoo!辞書

3)
Yes.

4)
して is the -te form of する.

～てはならない/いけない: mustn't

Thanks Toritoribe.

2. Do you find in practice that it is always clear whether だろう/でしょう means "will" or something less definite like "probably will", "I think will" or whatever? For example, looking at the sentence 従って労働者のボーナスも少なくなるだろう, is it obvious to you that it means "(definitely) will be reduced"? How do you tell? Or maybe Japanese is not so fussy as English about the distinction?

4. Right, yes, I understand that して is the て form of する, but I do not understand its purpose in the sentence. To me, the sentence looks like this:

戦争は = Regarding war,
と改めて思う = (I) think once more (that)
絶対に = absolutely
して
(て)はならない = [indicates that the thing mentioned mustn't/shouldn't occur]

I don't know what して actually refers to ... unless (this has only just occurred to me) the thing that mustn't happen is 戦争はする. Is that right? Does 戦争は/がする even make sense? Somehow it does not look right to me...

Normally it is 戦争をする。
When one wants to emphasize (or more precisely, distinguish 戦争 from other things), it is possible to replace を with は, to imply there are other things people may do, but not the war, in this case.

undrentide said:

Normally it is 戦争をする。
When one wants to emphasize (or more precisely, distinguish 戦争 from other things), it is possible to replace を with は, to imply there are other things people may do, but not the war, in this case.

Click to expand...

Ah, I see now. Thank you!

2)
It's not always so clear, but often, or maybe sometimes, the cotext performs the role. For instance, 生産力が落ちた。従って shows that 少なくなるだろう is not just the speaker's guess in this case.