That's "Is this what is called~?", "Is this what they call ~?". This is not an actual question. The nuance is closer to "I'm not certain but this is what is called やりがい搾取, isn't it?".
Hi. I have come across this っていうの. Does it mean "do you say/mean...", which is different from the op example?
Thank you.
Context: 琴里 asks 士道 to do some drills in preparation for dating the next 精霊. But 士道 doesn't seem to want to play along.