JLPT Review

明日は雨だそうです。
明日は雨が降りそうです。

Are the two sentences above equivalent?

留学に行きそうです。
留学に行くそうです。

I'm a bit confused with the two sentences above. How do they differ in meaning?

Thank you as always!
 
My answer is (3) because I thought that the person in question had no choice but to do his homework entirely in hiragana since he is having a hard time writing in kanji. This was his best course of action.
I chose (2) but I think it's because I'm starting to get a feeling for how this test writer is thinking. The implication is that he is supposed to use kanji and this is confirmed by the reprimand from the teacher.
 
明日は雨だそうです。
明日は雨が降りそうです。

Are the two sentences above equivalent?
Not really. The former is hearsay, whereas the latter is the judgment from the speaker's own observation.

留学に行きそうです。
留学に行くそうです。

I'm a bit confused with the two sentences above. How do they differ in meaning?
the masu stem of a verb + そう: to be about to do/to seem to do
the dictionary form of a verb + そう: hearsay "I heard that~"
 
私も今朝から頭も痛いし、熱もあるし、風邪をひいたようです。夕べ雨( )降られたからかもしれません。
(1) に
(2) が
(3) で
(4) を

The correct answer is (1) because particle に is used for the passive verb 降られた. I understand this one.

最近、お酒を飲んで運転して交通事故が増えたというニュースが( )。
(1) あったそうです
(2) あるそうです
(3) ありそうです
(4) あらそうです

The correct answer is (1). Why is the past tense the correct answer?

(continued) 本当にお酒を飲んで運転するのは危ないことです( )運転するべきではないと思います。
(1) し
(2) より
(3) から
(4) や

My answer is (1), but the book says the best answer is (3). Do you agree?
 
Not really. The former is hearsay, whereas the latter is the judgment from the speaker's own observation.


the masu stem of a verb + そう: to be about to do/to seem to do
the dictionary form of a verb + そう: hearsay "I heard that~"

Thank you for the clarification!
 
I chose (2) but I think it's because I'm starting to get a feeling for how this test writer is thinking. The implication is that he is supposed to use kanji and this is confirmed by the reprimand from the teacher.

Right. I thought of that, but I really couldn't let of of my logic. Haha. I'm really hoping the questions in the real JPLT isn't as ambiguous as the questions I'm solving right now. :)
 
最近、お酒を飲んで運転して交通事故が増えたというニュースが( )。
(1) あったそうです
(2) あるそうです
(3) ありそうです
(4) あらそうです

The correct answer is (1). Why is the past tense the correct answer?
The correct answer is #2. If it's a news about a specific accident, the past form is used, for instance 最近、お酒を飲んで運転して交通事故を起こしたというニュースがあったそうです. ニュース means a kind of information, not the one on TV or newspaper in that sentence.

(continued) 本当にお酒を飲んで運転するのは危ないことです( )運転するべきではないと思います。
(1) し
(2) より
(3) から
(4) や

My answer is (1), but the book says the best answer is (3). Do you agree?
#3 would be the best since it clearly shows the preceding clause is the cause/reason of the main clause, but #1 can be the correct answer, too.
 
最近、体が弱くなりました。それでお酒を飲まないことにしています。病院にも行きました。お医者さんに「運動するようにしてください」と言われました。それで会社から帰ったら公園を( )。毎日運動しているので体がよくなると思っています。

(1) 走るようにしていました。
(2) 走るようにしています。

What exactly is the the difference in meaning between (1) and (2)? I can see that (2) implies a habitual action, but what does (1) imply then?

(--)(__)
 
(1) 走るようにしていました。
(2) 走るようにしています。

What exactly is the the difference in meaning between (1) and (2)? I can see that (2) implies a habitual action, but what does (1) imply then?
Just past tense. So you might use (1) for an action that you no longer do.
I go running in the park vs I used to go running in the park.
 
母は私に料理を作ってくれました

「~くれる」という表現は、私が目下の他人から何かをしてもらった時に使うと教えてもらいましたけど、上の文章のように母から何かをしてもっらた場合にも「くれました」の言葉を使いますか?「母」は目上の方ですから「くださいました」のがもっと適当な表現じゃないかと考えられますが。。。それとも仲が親しいから家族の一員限り「くれる」という言葉をつかってもいいんですか。「くれる」の正しい使い方、知りたいです!
(I learned that the expression 「~くれる」is used when someone in a lower position does something for me, but it is okay to use such an expression even if, as shown in the sentence above, the subject is "mother" who obviously ranks higher than me? Or is it okay to use 「~くれる」as long as the people concerned are family members who are typically close to each other - that is, blood-related. I'd like to know the correct used of the expression 「~くれる」!)

I hope I wrote in Japanese correctly. If not, I would really be thankful if you could correct it for me.

そして。。。

昨日は留学生のパーティーがありました。着いたらテーブルの上においしそうな料理ときれいな花が( )。
(1)おいていました。
(2)おいてありました。

What exactly is the difference between (1) and (2)? Isn't (2) redundant (i.e. 置く+ある)?
 
くれる is used for in-group members, so 先輩が作ってくれた is also valid, for instance.

「~くれる」という表現は、私が目下の他人から何かをしてもらった時に使うと教えてもらいましたけど、上の文章のように母から何かをしてもっらた場合にも「くれました」の言葉を使いますか?「母」は目上の方ですから「くださいました」のがもっと適当な表現じゃないかと考えられますが。。。それとも仲が親しいから家族の一員限り「くれる」という言葉をつかってもいいんですか。「くれる」の正しい使い方、知りたいです!
「~くれる」という表現は、私が目下のから何かをしてもらった時に使うと教えてもらいました、上の文章のように母から何かをしてもらった場合にも 「くれました」という言葉を使いますか?「母」は目上のですから「くださいました」のがもっと適当な表現じゃないかと考えられますが。。。それとも仲が親しいから家族の一員限り「くれる」という言葉をつかってもいいんでしょうか。「くれる」の正しい使い方、知りたいです!

昨日は留学生のパーティーがありました。着いたらテーブルの上においしそうな料理ときれいな花が( )。
(1)おいていました。
(2)おいてありました。

What exactly is the difference between (1) and (2)? Isn't (2) redundant (i.e. 置く+ある)?
See the following thread.
てある [Grammar] | Japan Forum

置く is a volitional transitive verb, so the subject of 置いている must be the agent. Therefore #1 is wrong.
 
~てある form is more important for transitive verbs that don't have the counterpart of transitive-intransitive pair.

This is something new. Thank you.

「~くれる」という表現は、私が目下のから何かをしてもらった時に使うと教えてもらいました、上の文章のように母から何かをしてもらった場合にも 「くれました」という言葉を使いますか?「母」は目上のですから「くださいました」のがもっと適当な表現じゃないかと考えられますが。。。それとも仲が親しいから家族の一員限り「くれる」という言葉をつかってもいいんでしょうか。「くれる」の正しい使い方、知りたいです!

Thank you so much for the correction! The threads in JREF are not going to be deleted, right?

置く is a volitional transitive verb, so the subject of 置いている must be the agent. Therefore #1 is wrong.

I'm a bit confused with this one. So, since 置く is a volitional transitive verb, it needs an agent that intentionally carried out the action of "putting." But it doesn't make sense to say おいしそうな料理ときれいな花 carried out such an action. Thus, ~てある must be used to make things intransitive and to show that "someone" actually set up the table for some purpose (to have a nice party). Did I get it right?
 
The threads in JREF are not going to be deleted, right?
Right.

I'm a bit confused with this one. So, since 置く is a volitional transitive verb, it needs an agent that intentionally carried out the action of "putting." But it doesn't make sense to say おいしそうな料理ときれいな花 carried out such an action. Thus, ~てある must be used to make things intransitive and to show that "someone" actually set up the table for some purpose (to have a nice party). Did I get it right?
Yes, you got it. が indicates the subject/agent of 置いていました, so おいしそうな料理ときれいな花が置いていました means "inviting dishes and beautiful flowers were putting something on the table". This doesn't make sense.
 
I'm currently using goo辞書 to look for the definitions of Japanese words which are unfamiliar to me. But I came across the following format oftentimes when I searched for the words.

つかま・る【捕まる/×掴まる/▽捉まる】

What does the symbols「×」and「▽」mean?
 
Thus, 掴 is not in the joyo kanji list, and 捉 is a joyo kanji, but the reading つか(まる) is not in the list.

Thank you for the link and the explanation. So, does this mean that such characters are used less frequently? Are they used in ancient texts only? Are they not used at all in modern Japan?
 
The joyo kanji list is just guidelines for official documents, and it doesn't limit the use of other kanji or readings. Some of them (not so many, though) are actually relatively commonly used (for instance ×貰う and ▽戴く).
 
異見あり!(I heard this expression from a TV program. Does it mean that the speaker has an objection to make?)

下の文章は同じ意味ですか。もしそうならどちらのほうがもっと自然な表現でしょうか。何度もちょっと表現が違うから質問し続けてすみませんが、何を勉強してもしっかり知っていたいのでよろしくお願いします。

春香ちゃんはとても女らしくてかわいいです。
春香ちゃんは女らしくてとてもかわいいです。

I feel bad for trying to make petty distinctions all the time, but I really want to know for sure what the subtle differences are. By the way, is there a Japanese expression equivalent to "splitting hairs?"
 
異見あり!(I heard this expression from a TV program. Does it mean that the speaker has an objection to make?)
The meaning is correct, but you misheard 異あり!.

下の文章は同じ意味ですか。もしそうならどちらのほうがもっと自然な表現でしょうか。何度もちょっと表現が違うから質問し続けてすみませんが、何を勉強してもしっかり知っていたいのでよろしくお願いします。
下の文章は同じ意味ですか。もしそうならどちらのほうがもっと自然な表現でしょうか。何度も少ししか表現が違わないものを質問し続けてすみませんが、何を勉強してもしっかり知っていたいのでよろしくお願いします。

春香ちゃんはとても女らしくてかわいいです。
春香ちゃんは女らしくてとてもかわいいです。
What とても is modifying is different. The former means "very feminine and cut (both interpretations "very feminine and very cut" and "cute and very feminine" are possible as same as in English)", whereas the latter only means "feminine and very cute".

I feel bad for trying to make petty distinctions all the time
There is no problem at all.:)

By the way, is there a Japanese expression equivalent to "splitting hairs?"
重箱の隅をつつく, for instance.
 
The meaning is correct, but you misheard 異あり!.

下の文章は同じ意味ですか。もしそうならどちらのほうがもっと自然な表現でしょうか。何度も少ししか表現が違わないものを質問し続けてすみませんが、何を勉強してもしっかり知っていたいのでよろしくお願いします。

What とても is modifying is different. The former means "very feminine and cut (both interpretations "very feminine and very cut" and "cute and very feminine" are possible as same as in English)", whereas the latter only means "feminine and very cute".

There is no problem at all.:)

重箱の隅をつつく, for instance.

(シ_ _)シ

How about this one?

私はアメリカから来たトムです。カメラが買いたいと思って、山田さんに言ったら「カメラは秋葉原で買えばいい」といいました。週末に一緒に行きました。私は作動が簡単なのを買おうと思います。店員に聞かれたとき、「簡単なら簡単なほどいい」と言いました。( )カメラの重さは軽ければいいと思いました。

The underlined parts sound awkward. Should they be changed? Or are they grammatically correct?

いいました -> いわれました
思います -> 思いました
 
言いました is acceptable, but 言われました is far better.
思います is grammatically wrong since 買おうと思う is your thought at that time, and not the present/future thought or habitual action. It must be 買おうと思いました.
 
言いました is acceptable, but 言われました is far better.
思います is grammatically wrong since 買おうと思う is your thought at that time, and not the present/future thought or habitual action. It must be 買おうと思いました.

Thank you for the input.

I was asked to select the "most appropriate" answer for the following questions but was unable to do so because I was clueless.

中国は( )わかりませんから、話せません。
(1)よく
(2)ぜんぜん

They both seem to be a good candidates, and I can't rule the other one out! What do you think?

英語じゃ( )、日本語ができます。
(1)ないと
(2)なければ
(3)ないで
(4)なくて

Choices 2 seem to be a good fit for the sentence (i.e. I can speak Japanese, if not English). However, the book claims that the correct answer is (4). Well, I kind of agree with this, but can (2) be an appropriate answer as well?
 
I don't know about that first one. Is 中国 a typo for 中国語, and were there more answers besides those 2?

英語じゃ( )、日本語ができます。
(1)ないと
(2)なければ
(3)ないで
(4)なくて

Choices 2 seem to be a good fit for the sentence (i.e. I can speak Japanese, if not English). However, the book claims that the correct answer is (4). Well, I kind of agree with this, but can (2) be an appropriate answer as well?
I feel like there are contexts in which (1) and (2) could be valid (and for any such context I think -both- would be valid), but you'd have to work at it inventing it.

The obvious meaning to me is 'I can speak Japanese, not English' and that would use なくて as your book suggests.
 
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