dreamer, winter in Japan, like so many other things, is what you make of it.
I'll let Dave speak for himself, but I have a sneaking suspicion that he's not just talking about his house.
What I mean by my first statement is simply that in the places that I've spent winter in Japan (Nagoya, Osaka, Yamaguchi, Nagasaki, etc.), there is very little insulation, and heating is done on a room by room basis (generally speaking). It doesn't delve into below freezing temperatures very often, but it does get into single digit temperatures fairly regularly (centigrade).
Up until now, I've used a kerosene fan heater, wall AC/heater unit, denki carpet, and kotatsu in various ratios. The inside room temperature of my apartment has usually been somewhere around 10-20 degrees, depending on how I choose to fight the cold. This year, I'm trying to see if there isn't a better way than what I've been doing up until now, which is why I started this thread. If you have any ideas, please feel free to share them!