Liu, who is from Taiwan and teaches Chinese and gender issues at Sagami Women's University as a part-time lecturer, started living with a Japanese man, 52, in Aichi Prefecture last year. They received their partnership certificate from their municipality in April this year. They wanted to take advantage of JR Group's special couples' pass, which gives passengers access to the first-class cars on almost all JR lines. The pass is accessible to couples whose combined ages add up to at least 88. The JR website states purchasers "need to show formal documents to prove your age." Though they met the requirement, with their total age reaching 89, Liu was concerned about whether the package included gay couples. So, Liu contacted East Japan Railway Co. (JR East) through its website in mid-June. The service representative told him that the special rail pass only targets "couples made up of men and women." "You cannot use it," the person said.