Yes, you've got it. It is a convention of practitioners of the various arts.
To the original 4 arts of koto, shogi, calligraphy, and painting (琴棋書畫), 6 other art forms have been added. Each different art has its own symbol (under the kanji for that particular art). The list of the arts are
漢詩 Chinese poetry
和歌 Japanese Waka poetry
連歌 Japanese Renga poetry
俳諧 Japanese Haiku poetry
琴道 Koto
棋道 Shogi
書道 Calligraphy
畫道 Art/Painting
茶道
Tea Ceremony
花道 Flower Arranging
The first or second kanji is taken to make the title of the piece
詩歌連誹琴棋書畫茶花會圖
The year is 天保十年己亥(㐪)1839. The month is 8th month of
lunar calendar (南呂).
The location is Rennenji Temple, in town of Ariwaki (有脇邨蓮念精舍會之) in the Chita District of Owari Province (於尾知多).
會主
甲陽竹天山 This would be the name of the sponsor of the meeting. Must be an art name.
名府
柏永堂刀 This part I'm not sure of. The kanji in red sound like an art name.
I think this is a real meeting of aficionados of these arts, and it was held in the Gifu/Nagoya area every year for a few years. It might have become so big that they split off some of the arts into their own conferences. It's interesting to me because it feels just like various conventions and gatherings that we have today.