The percentage of shares held by individual investors in listed companies on the Tokyo Stock Exchange in fiscal 2022 dropped to 17.6 per cent from 20.4 per cent in fiscal 1990. In contrast, the proportion of shares held by foreign institutional investors surged to 30.1 per cent from 4.7 per cent in the same period, according to the TSE. Underscoring the reluctance of Japanese people to invest in equities, only about 15 per cent of household financial assets were held in stocks and investment trusts as of the end of March last year, far behind 51 per cent in the United States and 31 per cent in Europe, Bank of Japan data showed.