1. Would I have to send copies of the actual x-ray along with my certificate of health?
I can't say I know what the specific universities would prefer, but when I sent my documents to Nagoya university, I only sent the completed health certificate, no X-ray, no actual ECG...and the lady replied with "Documents you sent me are perfect.". Guess it wasn't required.
Also, yes, the embassy wants three copies of the health certificate (with the original). Make sure you have copies to send to your grad school in Japan.
I understand that most MEXT PG applicants are first accepted as research students, but I'm looking to do an MA eventually and I'm just curious about the criteria for extending the scholarship if you're to switch up.
I have no experience applying for said extension, but here's a few things I've recently learnt:
1. At the university of Tokyo, your professor decides whether to accept you as a research student or a master/doctoral student. So, you may do your MA without going trough the research student phase. I don't know whether other universities do this, but it possible.
2. What goes on behind the scenes when MEXT is deciding whether to extend your scholarship is also shrouded in mystery, as is this entire process we are following, just to get the research student scholarship.
Is there a limit to how long you can remain as a MEXT research student before enrolling as an MA candidate (assuming you'd like to receive the scholarship throughout your entire duration of study)?
If you go in April, 24 months. If you go in October, 18 months - this is the duration of the research student scholarship. Gives you about 2 or 3 times to try to pass your entrance exams (thereby be able to apply for the extension). As for how long before you can do the entrance exams, some universities are okay with 6 months,while others insist on 1 year as a research student - no worries, you are still eligible to apply for the extension.
As for the LoA, no idea.One of my choices had a "checklist", the other two, I went the route of asking the grad schools. Got replies, although one of them required some nudging - a second email.
All the best!