Births among Japanese parents stood at 686,000 babies, 41,000 fewer than in 2023, according to the data, released in the same week as figures showing that Japan's foreign population is edging towards 4 million (3.2%) – a share of the 124 million population that would have been unimaginable a decade ago. The surge in migration has not happened by accident, and should not have been unexpected. It has been seven years since Japan's then prime minister Shinzō Abe – hardly a liberal – recognised the need to accept more low-skilled workers to address labour shortages. Non-Japanese faces are no longer a novelty in towns and cities and, increasingly, in depopulated rural regions. Immigrants work in convenience stores, restaurants and factories, on building sites and in agriculture and fishing. Previous descriptions of Japan as a modern-day sakoku nation of self-imposed isolation, whose leaders refuse to lower the drawbridge to all but a few foreign workers, are clearly out of date.