Grandmother –祖母 (そ
ぼ)
Son – ????
Daughter – ????
Nephew – ????
Niece – ????
honorific
Son – 息子[むすこ]さん/御子息[ごしそく]
Daughter – 娘[むすめ]さん/お嬢[じょう]さん
Nephew – 甥御[おいご]さん
Niece – 姪御[めいご]さん
Question 1: Are there other words for a maternal/paternal aunt/uncle?
No. If you have to differentiate them, 母方[ははかた]の伯父 or something like that would be used.
Question 2: If so, are there words that express the age of the aunt/uncle relative to your mom/dad? (Ex: Is there a different word for a maternal uncle who is younger than your mother?)
father's/mother's elder brother: 伯父(おじ)
father's/mother's elder sister: 伯母(おば)
father's/mother's younger brother: 叔父(おじ)
father's/mother's younger sister: 叔母(おば)
Could anyone please translate the following familial terms for me? Including for one's own family and also terms referring to another's…
Cousin (male)
Cousin (female)
Cousin (male): 従兄/従弟/従兄弟
Cousin (female): 従姉/従妹/従姉妹
(They are all read as いとこ.)
従兄/従姉 refers to someone's elder cousin, whereas 従弟/従妹 does to a younger one. There's no difference between father's and mother's cousin. 従兄弟/従姉妹 are used pluraly.
I would use いとこの方[かた] as the honorific.
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EDIT:
Ooops, sorry undrentide-san. Your work is so fast, as always.