The author Kawabata Yasunari won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1968. The poem was composed right after he dealt with press at that time. "Those who go in the autumn fields with bells ringing" ostensibly refers to pilgrims, but it's said that that's a metaphor of reporters. It's also said that 野に鈴(ベル) "no ni bell" is a word play for "Nobel".