๏ฝžใ“ใจ

Tomii515

ใ‚„ใฃใŸ๏ฝž๏ผ
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So, I looked through GENKI 2, and it seems it doesn't teach this, directly, anyways.

I was wondering, the ~koto/no after a verb and then another verb make it... uhm... xD idk like this, right?:

ใ‚ใชใŸใจๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใง่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใฏ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
I want to practice speaking in Japanese with you.

...right?

isn't ~no the informal of ~koto? OR am I wrong? I was just wondering, likeee uhm. u use '~koto" and then u'd add the particle the situation and/or verb calls for. Like, idk if the above sentence is right, but I put "wa" since it's "i" want to practice.....".

Like, genki taught a while back like ~no ga suki desu/no ga kirai desu/no ga jouzu desu/no ga heta desu, like that.

But, like no mention of ~koto and i tried looking through the 2nd book and i dont see it directly. but anyways, hopefulyl someone could help me out with this. ^^

Here's some example of how I THINK it's usedd:

ใƒกใ‚ขใƒชใƒผใ•ใ‚“ใฏๆœฌใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
I saw Mary looking at the book.

ไปŠๆ—ฅใ€ๅƒ•ใฏๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใงๆ›ธใใ“ใจใฏ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
Today I practiced writing in Japanese.

ๅ…ˆ็”Ÿใฏๆ—ฅๆœฌใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใฏ่žใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
I listened to the teacher talk about Japan.

(I'm a little sceptical about the particle that would go after 'koto'. In these three, i have a feeling the it could be 'wo' instead for these.)

:p

Anyways, please correct, explain, give examples, when you have the time and stuff xD

Thanks soo much in advance~~

ใ‚ˆใ‚ใ—ใใŠ้ก˜ใ„ใ—ใพใ™๏ผ
 
"Koto" and "no" act as nominalisers. What they do is they turn a verb (in its plain form), an i-adjective or a na-adjective into a noun phrase. These noun phrases can take the place of the object or the subject of a sentence. The nuance is slightly different though.

"no" is used when you want to express something that is subjective. Something that is directly related to the speaker or something perceived or experienced by the speaker.

็งใฏ็ˆถใŒใŠ้…’ใ‚’ใฎใ‚€ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใŸใ€‚
I was watching my dad drink alcohol.

ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใ‚’่ฉฑใ™ใฎใฏ้›ฃใ—ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
Speaking Japanese is hard.

The use of "no" in this case implies that the speaker is basing the observation on personal experience or a personal opinion. However you can also use "koto" in the second sentence if you want it to sound more formal.

Koto must be used if expressing a well known or general fact.

่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏไฟกใ˜ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ ใ€‚
Seeing is believing.

Koto is generally used to express a well known fact more generally or objectively.

In many cases you can use koto or no with little change in the meaning other than the implications above.

ใƒกใ‚ขใƒชใƒผใ•ใ‚“ใฏๆœฌใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
I saw Mary looking at the book.

In this case you need to use "no" because it is based on your own personal perception. "wo" also needs to precede the final verb.

ใ‚ใชใŸใจๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใง่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใฏ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚

ไปŠๆ—ฅใ€ๅƒ•ใฏๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใงๆ›ธใใ“ใจใฏ็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
Today I practiced writing in Japanese.

In this case either no or koto can be used with little change in meaning I think. Again remember the "wo" before the final verb :).

Talking about things that you are "seeing" or "hearing" personally, you have to use "no". If it is a generally known fact you should use "koto". In most other cases either is OK but generally koto is more formal and bookish.
 
Last edited:
Both "koto" and "no" nominalizes a verb/adjective/clause. It's interchangeable in some case, and some not.


I want to practice speaking in Japanese with you.
If use "koto",
ใ‚ใชใŸใจๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใง่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
But sounds awkward. Generally,
ใ‚ใชใŸใจๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใง่ฉฑใ™็ทด็ฟ’ใŒ/ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚


I saw Mary looking at the book.
ใƒกใ‚ขใƒชใƒผใ•ใ‚“ใŒๆœฌใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
ร—ใƒกใ‚ขใƒชใƒผใ•ใ‚“ใŒๆœฌใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
โ—‹ใƒกใ‚ขใƒชใƒผใ•ใ‚“ใŒๆœฌใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ“ใ‚ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚


Today I practiced writing in Japanese.
ไปŠๆ—ฅใ€ๅƒ•ใฏๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใงๆ›ธใใ“ใจใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚/ๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใงๆ›ธใ็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
โ—‹ไปŠๆ—ฅใ€ๅƒ•ใฏๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใงๆ›ธใใฎใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚


I listened to the teacher talk about Japan.
ๅ…ˆ็”ŸใŒๆ—ฅๆœฌใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใฎใ‚’่žใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
ร—ๅ…ˆ็”ŸใŒๆ—ฅๆœฌใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใ‚’่žใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
 
ใใ‚‰ใใ‚‰ใ•ใ‚“๏ผ  ใใ‚Œใžใ‚Œใฎไผš่ฉฑใฎ็Šถๆณใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใฎใงไธ€่จ€ใงใฏ้•ใ„ใ‚’่จ€ใˆใพใ›ใ‚“ใญใ€‚:)


A nice compilation of usages to getting started with ใฎใ€ใ“ใจ posted by member umbaba-san couple years ago.


็•™ๅญฆใ™ใ‚‹ใฎ๏ผˆwhen๏ผ‰ใฏๆฅๅนดใงใ™ใ€‚
ไผšใ†ใฎ๏ผˆwhen๏ผ‰ใฏใ„ใคใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€‚
ๆญŒใ†ใฎ๏ผˆwho๏ผ‰ใฏ่ชฐใงใ™ใ‹๏ผŸใ€‚
็ตๅฉšใ—ใŸใฎ๏ผˆwho๏ผ‰ใฏๅฝผๅฅณใฎๅ…„ใงใ™ใ€‚
ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎ๏ผˆwhen๏ผ‰ใฏๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™ใ€‚
ไธ€็ท’ใซ้Šใ‚“ใ ใฎ๏ผˆwhere๏ผ‰ใฏใ‚ใฎๅ…ฌๅœ’ใงใ™ใ€‚
ๅคฑๆ•—ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ๏ผˆwhy๏ผ‰็ทด็ฟ’ไธ่ถณใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใ ใ€‚
่ฟ”ไบ‹ใŒๆฅใ‚‹ใฎ๏ผˆwhen๏ผ‰ใฏ๏ผ‘้€ฑ้–“ๅพŒใงใ™ใ€‚
ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ๏ผˆwhere๏ผ‰ใ“ใฎๆ•™ๅฎคใ ใ€‚
ไบบๆฐ—ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎ๏ผˆwhat๏ผ‰ใฏ้‡Ž็ƒใงใ™ใ€‚
ใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒ„ใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใŸใฎ๏ผˆwhy๏ผ‰ใฏๅฅๅบทใฎใŸใ‚ใงใ™ใ€‚


Sentences ใฎ can be replaced with ใ“ใจ.
They are always followed by verb, adjective, adverb, form to do with your emotion. and other noun.

็•™ๅญฆใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ๏ผˆใฎ๏ผ‰ใŒ็›ฎๆจ™ใ ใ€‚
ไผšใ†ใ“ใจ๏ผˆใฎ๏ผ‰ใŒๆฅฝใ—ใฟใงใ™ใ€‚
ๆญŒใ†ใ“ใจ๏ผˆใฎ๏ผ‰ใŒๅฅฝใใ ใ€‚
็ตๅฉšใ—ใŸใ“ใจ๏ผˆใฎ๏ผ‰ใ‚’ๅพŒๆ‚”ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
ไป•ไบ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ๏ผˆใฎ๏ผ‰ใฏ้ขๅ€’ใใ•ใ„ใ€‚
ไธ€็ท’ใซ้Šใ‚“ใ ใ“ใจ๏ผˆใฎ๏ผ‰ใ‚’่ฆšใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ€‚
่ฟ”ไบ‹ใŒๆฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจ๏ผˆใฎ๏ผ‰ใ‚’ๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
ๅคฑๆ•—ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ๏ผˆใฎ๏ผ‰ใซใฏๆ…ฃใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚
ๅ‹‰ๅผทใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ๏ผˆใฎ๏ผ‰ใฏๅพ—ๆ„ใ ใ€‚
ไบบๆฐ—ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจ๏ผˆใฎ๏ผ‰ใฏใ†ใ‚Œใ—ใ„ใ€‚
ใ‚นใƒใƒผใƒ„ใ‚’ๅง‹ใ‚ใŸใ“ใจ๏ผˆใฎ๏ผ‰ใ‚’็Ÿฅใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚


Both "koto" and "no" nominalizes a verb/adjective/clause. It's interchangeable in some case, and some not.
I want to practice speaking in Japanese with you.
If use "koto",
ใ‚ใชใŸใจๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใง่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใ‚’็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
But sounds awkward. Generally,
ใ‚ใชใŸใจๆ—ฅๆœฌ่ชžใง่ฉฑใ™็ทด็ฟ’ใŒ/ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚
ใ€Œ่ฉฑใ™็ทด็ฟ’ใŒใ—ใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใช่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใ‚’ใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ

่ฉฑใ™็ทด็ฟ’๏ผˆใ‚’๏ผ‰ใ—ใŸใ„ใงใ™๏ผž๏ผžใ‚ใˆใฆ่จ€ใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ“ใ‚Œใ‹ใช๏ผŸ:;
 
I listened to the teacher talk about Japan.
ๅ…ˆ็”ŸใŒๆ—ฅๆœฌใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใฎใ‚’่žใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
ร—ๅ…ˆ็”ŸใŒๆ—ฅๆœฌใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใ‚’่žใใพใ—ใŸใ€‚
But I'm just making sure, if this sentence is "(to iu) koto," the meaning switches to "Today I heard that the teacher will talk about Japan." ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ˜ใชใ„ใ‹ใชใ€‚ใ€‚ใ€‚


So kiku is clearly being used in the sense of "hear about some fact." And koto is also very specifically referring here to the idea of making a piece of factual knowledge abstract.


Finally, anyone who wasn't paying close attention is able to say ๅ…ˆ็”ŸใŒๆ—ฅๆœฌใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฟ˜ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ€‚ (I forgot the fact that the teacher will talk about Japan). :p
 
Basically, it depends on the type of the verb/adjective of the main clause to use whether ใ“ใจ or ใฎ.

1) basically used with ใ“ใจ
่จ€ใ†ใ€่ฉฑใ™ใ€ไผใˆใ‚‹ใ€ๆ•™ใˆใ‚‹ใ€ๆ›ธใใ€่ชญใ‚€ใ€็Ÿฅใ‚‰ใ›ใ‚‹ใ€็™บ่กจใ™ใ‚‹
ๅ‘ฝไปคใ™ใ‚‹ใ€่ฆๆฑ‚ใ™ใ‚‹ใ€็ฅˆใ‚‹ใ€็ด„ๆŸใ™ใ‚‹
่€ƒใˆใ‚‹ใ€ๆ€ใ†ใ€ไฟกใ˜ใ‚‹ใ€็–‘ใ†ใ€็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ๅ็œใ™ใ‚‹ใ€ๆฑบใ‚ใ‚‹

โ—‹ๅฝผๅฅณใŒไปŠๆ—ฅๆฅใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฝผใซไผใˆใŸใ€‚
โ—‹ๅฝผๅฅณใŒไปŠๆ—ฅๆฅใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅฝผใซไผใˆใŸใ€‚
โ–ณๅฝผๅฅณใŒไปŠๆ—ฅๆฅใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๅฝผใซไผใˆใŸใ€‚(a bit awkward)

โ—‹็ฝชใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ๅ็œใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
โ—‹็ฝชใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใŸใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’ๅ็œใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚
โ–ณ็ฝชใ‚’็Šฏใ—ใŸใฎใ‚’ๅ็œใ™ใ‚‹ใ€‚


2) basically used with ใฎ
่ฆ‹ใ‚‹/่ฆ‹ใˆใ‚‹ใ€่žใ/่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹
ๅพ…ใคใ€ๆ‰‹ไผใ†ใ€้…ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€ๆ€ฅใใ€ใจใ‚ใ‚‹

โ—‹ๅญไพ›ใŒ็ฌ‘ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใŒ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹
ร—ๅญไพ›ใŒ็ฌ‘ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ่žใ“ใˆใ‚‹

โ—‹้›ป่ปŠใŒๅˆฐ็€ใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใŒ้…ใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚
ร—้›ป่ปŠใŒๅˆฐ็€ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒ้…ใ‚ŒใŸใ€‚


When both ใ“ใจ and ใฎ can be used, ใฎ sounds more informal/colloquial.

ใฉใ‚“ใชไบบใซใจใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€ๆ„›ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๅคฑใ†ใ“ใจใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ๆ‚ฒใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ ใ€‚
ใฉใ‚“ใชไบบใซใจใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ€ๆ„›ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ๅคฑใ†ใฎใฏใจใฆใ‚‚ๆ‚ฒใ—ใ„ใ“ใจใ ใ€‚

ใ€Œ่ฉฑใ™็ทด็ฟ’ใŒใ—ใŸใ„ใงใ™ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใช่จ€ใ„ๆ–นใ‚’ใ‚ˆใไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใ‹๏ผŸ

่ฉฑใ™็ทด็ฟ’๏ผˆใ‚’๏ผ‰ใ—ใŸใ„ใงใ™๏ผž๏ผžใ‚ใˆใฆ่จ€ใ†ใชใ‚‰ใ“ใ‚Œใ‹ใช๏ผŸ:;
ไฝฟใ„ใพใ™ใŒใ€ใ€Œ่ฉฑใ™็ทด็ฟ’ใŒใ—ใŸใ„ใ‚“ใงใ™ใ€ใฎใปใ†ใŒใ‚ˆใ‚Š่‡ช็„ถใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใญใ€‚
ใ€Œ่ฉฑใ™็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ„ใ€ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏๅ™่ฟฐใ—ใฆใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใ€ใ€Œ่ฉฑใ™็ทด็ฟ’ใŒใ—ใŸใ„ใ€ใฎๅ ดๅˆใฏใ€Œๆœฌใ‚’่ชญใ‚“ใ ใ‚Šๆ˜ ็”ปใ‚’่ฆ‹ใŸใ‚Šใงใฏใชใใ€่ฉฑใ™็ทด็ฟ’ใ‚’็‰นใซใ‚„ใ‚ŠใŸใ„ใ€ใจใ„ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใƒ‹ใƒฅใ‚ขใƒณใ‚นใŒๅ‡บใพใ™ใ€‚
ใ‚ใจใ€ๅŠฉ่ฉžๆŠœใใฎใ€Œ่ฉฑใ™็ทด็ฟ’ใ—ใŸใ„ใ€ใฏใ€ใ‹ใชใ‚Šๅฃ่ชž็š„ใชๆ„Ÿใ˜ใซใชใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใญใ€‚

But I'm just making sure, if this sentence is "(to iu) koto," the meaning switches to "Today I heard that the teacher will talk about Japan." ใจใ„ใ†ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ˜ใชใ„ใ‹ใชใ€‚ใ€‚ใ€‚
Right. "ๅ…ˆ็”ŸใŒๆ—ฅๆœฌใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‚’่žใใพใ—ใŸ" sounds something like "ๅ…ˆ็”ŸใŒๆ—ฅๆœฌใซใคใ„ใฆ่ฉฑใ™(ใ‚‰ใ—ใ„)ใจ่žใใพใ—ใŸ".
ใ€Œใจใ„ใ†ใ€ใ‚’ไฝฟใˆใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ไฝฟใˆใชใ„ๅ‹•่ฉžใ€ไฝฟใ†ใจๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‹ๅ‹•่ฉžใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใญใ€‚:-)
 
thanks so much everyone ^_^
 
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