I think JimmySeal is pretty much on the right track with most of these, but just to add a few things:
KrazyKat said:
が、ジョゾのお母さんが言うのには、
「竜王様は今お休み中の時間だし,'牙と翼の会合'を開くには、準備も要るんです。
I don't understand the use of iunoniha here.
JimmySeal said:
It seems that と言うのには means "to what John's mother (had) said, [he said,]"
Either I'm misreading something here, or you guys are, but I don't see 「と言うのには」 in the original sentence, right? It's 「(ジョゾのお母さん)
が言うのには」
This is just quoting Jozo's mother. "As Jozo's mother said, (...)"
Put it into Google and you'll see a whole bunch of similar examples.
KrazyKat said:
Question 2:
北の皇帝は魔族の力をあてにしつつも、その本当の恐ろしさについては無知であった。
I know that しつつある means to be in the process of doing, continuing to do. But what about しつつも?
JimmySeal said:
にしつつも seems to be equivalent to にしても
Maybe, but I think it's closer to しながら(も).
JimmySeal said:
Question 3:
In 滅びたって the たって is equivalent to ても, ・・・たとしても, even if
Yes, it's just a more emphatic variant of ~ても, usually heard mostly in casual speech.
「そんな事言ったって(=言っても)しょうがないじゃないか。」
「そんなことは俺だって(=俺でも)分かる。」
「古くたって(=古くても)いいものは良いに決まっているし…」
JimmySeal said:
Question 4:
やるっきゃない seems to be a contraction of やる気がない = "you don't [really] want to do it"
Actually, I think it's a contraction of 「やるしかない」, "(You) just have to do it.", or "Just do it.(tm)"
JimmySeal said:
Question 6:
semantically いやしない is the same as いない, but the former is probably more emphatic. Maybe a native speaker can contribute a little more to this distinction. I think いはしない would be correct, but I'm not sure.
I can't guarantee any of these answers but those are good questions.
Obviously, I'm not a native speaker, but I'll back up Jimmy on the point that it's more emphatic, in the sense that if the regular negative just means there isn't something, this has more of a nuance of "there isn't anything like that" or "(it) isn't anywhere" or the like.
The basic form is verb stem+は+しない, which then goes through various contractions in speech.
With ある, for example, it would be:
ありはしない→ありやしない→ありゃしない
You see the same kind of contraction with 「それは」 becoming 「そりゃ」, like 「そりゃそうさ!」 or the like.
I typed this up pretty quickly -- I hope there aren't any glaring mistakes (or if there are, that they'll be corrected by someone before they do too much damage.)