Just think of it as a fancy-pants way to say you've carried out the action it refers to. It doesn't come up all that often, so don't invest too much time on it.
It is mainly used in formal writing, as Mike explained.
e.g.
結婚式を行う
イベントを行う
手術を行う
取引を行う
テストを行う
設定を行う
Most of them can be replaced by する.
行う and 行なう mean the same, 行う seems to be the correct one but 行なう is also acceptable. (Normally okurigana is used for the part that conjugates -
行なわない、行ないます、行なうとき、行なえば、行な おう)
Just think of it as a fancy-pants way to say you've carried out the action it refers to. It doesn't come up all that often, so don't invest too much time on it.
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