持つ can be used also for brothers. (e.g. 出来のいい弟を持つと大変だ。)
As you know, ある means "to exist", thus, テレビがありません basically expresses "there is no TV in a place". For instance, you can say 実家にはテレビがあるけど、今住んでるアパートにはありません。
持つ is volitional(it can be used also for non-volitional cases especially as 持っている, though) and can mean "to hold/carry". That would be the main difference, I think.