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They were young men hoping to help end World War II. But to their mission's critics, the crews that dropped the atomic bombs on Japan were part of a war crime.
Three men involved in the attack on Hiroshima shared with the BBC their memories of a day that has stayed with them for 60 years.
Theodore "Dutch" Van Kirk - Navigator
Morris "Dick" Jepson - Weapons test officer
Dr Harold Agnew - Scientist, on the observation plane
Theodore "Dutch" Van Kirk, 84
The day before the mission we sat through briefings on Tinian...
I have heard two sides of itWas it inevitable, or was it because of karma?
Well said. USA wanted to be neutral. But Japan was the one who brought USA into WW2 on the side of the alliesIt wasn't either of those. In true American fashion, it was payback, and incredibly deserved. It had nothing to do with Nanjing, (America doesn't care about that). It was a DIRECT retaliation for the incredibly disgusting and unprovoked attack on Pearl Harbor, a means to end the war quickly without unnecessary American bloodshed, as the original plan was a massive land invasion of Japan, Operation: Downfall, which would have lead to millions of Japanese/America deaths, increased firebombing, which was already destroying Tokyo, a naval blockade to immediately halt all food and supplies to Japan, forcing national starvation, and the threat of soviet entry. Why was America even brought into the war? The Japanese leadership at the time decided the only way to expand into Southeast Asia and conquer it was to bomb a major naval base of a country that it was technically at peace with, while, in fact, peace negotiations were ongoing. Emperor Hirohito had zero backbone. While I understand that the Japanese Navy and Military were basically running Japan against the Emperors wishes, and I understand he desperately wanted to avoid the war, he cannot be excused for not enforcing his authority upon his corrupt military leaders.
It was NOT a war crime, the US told Japan they would face "Prompt and utter destruction" if they did not unconditionally surrender, further, after the Hiroshima bombing, American forces dropped leaflets on Japanese soil warning of the bombs destructive power, and urging for surrender to spare from additional destruction. Japan received a fair warning.
Hiroshima and Nagasaki were selected because they were relatively undamaged, and held significant military importance in Japan.
Japanese Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, who was later shot down and killed when U.S. Army Air Forces P-38 Lightning fighters shot down his transport aircraft over Bougainville Island in the Solomon Islands by Thomas Lanphier, (later awarded the Navy Cross for his actions) when Admiral Chester Nimitz authorized the attack with two simple words: "Kill Yamamoto." Anyways, Yamamoto was very well aware of the fact, having studied at Harvard, that Japan simply could not ever hope to beat the US in a war, famously saying that he feared Japan had woken up a monster and filled him with terrifying resolve, and that after six months, he had no hope to beat America.
So, what do you prefer? The 140,000 the bombs had killed by the end of 1945? Or the projected deaths 1 million American troops, and the projected 5-20 million deaths by Japanese soldiers and civilians alike, due to the "100 Million Die Proudly" strategy?
In short, the bombing of Pearl Harbor was the catalyst for WWII, and eventually the justification for the atomic bombs. I encourage you to discard anything Nanjing related when it comes to the bombing of Japan. The "America First" movement was very strong back then, and no amount of news of rape or murder, however terrible, was going to convince Americans to send their sons to die in Asia for a problem that, if we're being completely honest, didn't have anything to do with America, and something Americans then and now generally don't know nor care about. America did not sympathize nor care about China enough to nuke a country for rape and murder, or any crime. Iran would be nuked 500 times over if THAT was the case.
So your claim is that Americans kill noncombatants indiscriminately as payback when they are wronged?In true American fashion, it was payback, and incredibly deserved.
Two optionsSo your claim is that Americans kill noncombatants indiscriminately as payback when they are wronged?
It wasn't a binary choice. Even if you agree with the general American narrative it's difficult to justify the bombing of Nagasaki before Japan had a chance to digest the situation in Hiroshima and respond.Two options
1: The hard way of losing American soldiers. And not use nuke. And likely killing civilians in the process
2: The more effective way. Lose less American soldiers or likely NONE, but also bombing the military industrial powers in Hiroshima and Nagasaki (Which also is likely to kill civilians) in order to force Japan to surrender
Which one do you prefer when you are at war?
No it's not. It held military importance, and needed to be erased. The entire reason was to force surrender.It wasn't a binary choice. Even if you agree with the general American narrative it's difficult to justify the bombing of Nagasaki before Japan had a chance to digest the situation in Hiroshima and respond.
No, but Americans will clear collateral damage if the enemy does the same. Civilians also died in the Pearl Harbor attack, so as far as I'm concerned, America didn't do anything Japan didn't do, however, they did do it on a MUCH larger scale.So your claim is that Americans kill noncombatants indiscriminately as payback when they are wronged?
Thats also true, it served two purposes. Three, if you count that nobody ever wants nukes used, except for (probably) China and North Korea.I think a small reason for use was to show Russia we had it and could/would use it against them if needed in the future.
Interesting fact. Douglas MacArthur (Who also was presence during the Japanese surrender in WW2)Thats also true, it served two purposes. Three, if you count that nobody ever wants nukes used, except for (probably) China and North Korea.
False. If it was so important why wasn't it targeted previously? Also it was a backup target. It was only bombed because the weather wasn't favorable. You could make the argument it was needed to force surrender if they had waited a bit longer or if the Japanese had responded belligerently after Hiroshima. They bombed it only 3 days after Hiroshima. There had been no communication between the U.S. and Japan during that time.No it's not. It held military importance, and needed to be erased. The entire reason was to force surrender.
So now your claim is that if their enemies don't adhere to human decency or basic rules of war or avoid collateral damage, the U.S. should not either?No, but Americans will clear collateral damage if the enemy does the same. Civilians also died in the Pearl Harbor attack, so as far as I'm concerned, America didn't do anything Japan didn't do, however, they did do it on a MUCH larger scale.
False. If it was so important why wasn't it targeted previously? Also it was a backup target. It was only bombed because the weather wasn't favorable. You could make the argument it was needed to force surrender if they had waited a bit longer or if the Japanese had responded belligerently after Hiroshima. They bombed it only 3 days after Hiroshima. There had been no communication between the U.S. and Japan during that time.No it's not. It held military importance, and needed to be erased. The entire reason was to force surrender.
So now your claim is that if their enemies don't adhere to human decency or basic rules of war or avoid collateral damage, the U.S. should not either?No, but Americans will clear collateral damage if the enemy does the same. Civilians also died in the Pearl Harbor attack, so as far as I'm concerned, America didn't do anything Japan didn't do, however, they did do it on a MUCH larger scale.
If only that were true.The way people think now is very different.
Unfortunately, the thinking of a sizeable number of people has not changed.I'm old enough to have listened to stories from men , like my dad , who fought in WWII against the Japanese. At that time with all the Americans killed , all Japanese were considered as sub-human cockroaches whose death was well deserved , citizen & military. The way people think now is very different.
I wonder why there is hate between Japanese and Koreans? I guess i just don't get it since i don't live in Asia.Unfortunately, the thinking of a sizeable number of people has not changed.
Referring to Koreans as cockroaches is a common trope among Japanese ultranationalists. In the spate of anti-Korean protests in Shin-Okubo during the early part of Abe's second premiership, I remember seeing one protester with holding a banner with a defaced Korean flag that had legs added to the circle to make it look like a cockroach.
The expression 'collateral damage' is only slightly better. It's only used to refer to enemy deaths, whereas it's a terrible tragedy when one of 'our boys' is slain during war. They are not humans but we are.
However, we have (until recently) got a bit better at preventing the worst people from rising to the top and pursuing policies based on this kind of thinking.
I think this was a fairly big, if not publicly admitted, reason.I think a small reason for use was to show Russia we had it
Most importantly, there is not hate between most Japans and most Koreans, and the relationship between the two countries has improved recently.I wonder why there is hate between Japanese and Koreans? I guess i just don't get it since i don't live in Asia.
I have had these issues too when it comes to people that insults me. Without being too preachy, i tend to go with what Jesus said "Bless those who curse you". Or thats what i try to think about if i get angry or want to insult someone back.Most importantly, there is not hate between most Japans and most Koreans, and the relationship between the two countries has improved recently.
However, some Koreans feel anger at Japan's treatment of them during the colonial era and attempts by nationalist politicians in Japan to downplay or deny this. On the other side, some Japanese people feel that Koreans use this as a stick to beat them with, despite these events happening generations ago.
So what if Nagasaki was a backup target? The real target, Kokura, was indeed too cloudy for a bomb run, so, the US pivoted to another one of the four selected potential bomb targets: Hiroshima, Kokura, Niigata, and Nagasaki. Kokura was too cloudy, yes, and Niigata was too far and impractical as it was 400+ miles away. Yes, you read that right. Nagasaki was pre-selected in the event that the main target was unavailable, so yes, it's justified. Two waves of planes. Two bombs.False. If it was so important why wasn't it targeted previously? Also it was a backup target. It was only bombed because the weather wasn't favorable. You could make the argument it was needed to force surrender if they had waited a bit longer or if the Japanese had responded belligerently after Hiroshima. They bombed it only 3 days after Hiroshima. There had been no communication between the U.S. and Japan during that time.
So now your claim is that if their enemies don't adhere to human decency or basic rules of war or avoid collateral damage, the U.S. should not either?
You really like speaking confidently about things you don't know much about don't you? Perhaps you've been a rogue, hallucinating AI this whole time...
If only that were true.
Actually, it's not. Under the US constitution, the president has the power to preform short-of-hand operations, which includes surgical strike bombing, for up to a period of forty days, I believe. So no, it's not a war crime, it's legally allowed under US constitution.Pearl Harbor is not relevant to the discussion. By the same standard (no formal declaration of war was given hence it was a war crime), Trump's attack on Iran was a war crime too. It was also illegal because only Congress has the power to declare war. (But all recent presidents have gotten into the habit of making wars without calling them wars.)
We can't say that Nagasaki was justified as being necessary to end the war with any certainty given the timeline. So then what was justified?
You're saying the justification was payback for Pearl Harbor?