Presiding Judge Kyoko Hiraki said the practice violated the spirit of the Constitution as well as the Fundamental Law on Education ban on gender discrimination. The women were, in effect, unable to freely choose which medical school they wanted to enter, the judge ruled. Four plaintiffs also received compensation ranging from 1 million yen to 1.5 million yen on grounds they would have passed or had a high possibility of passing had a fair test been conducted.